摘要:環境污染是嚴重威脅人類健康的全球性問題,植物修復就是利用植物吸收、富集以除去環境中的污染物尤其是重金屬污染物或者將其轉變成毒性較低的物質的過程,植物修復以其廉價、安全與環境友好的特點,為重金屬環境污染的修復提供了新的途徑。內生細菌是植物組織內的正常菌群,它們的存在不會使植物出現可見的傷害或者功能的改變,在植物修復中具有重要的作用,它們可以促進植物生長、加速有機污染物降解、提高植物對重金屬的抗性以及增加植物對重金屬的吸收、促進重金屬在植物體內的轉運過程。對內生細菌在植物修復中的應用進行了綜述,并對其研究前景進行了展望。
關鍵詞:植物修復;環境污染;內生細菌;有機污染物;重金屬
中圖分類號:Q939.1;X173 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-3893-04
Application of Bacterial Endophyte in Phytoremediation
LI An-ming,DENG Qing-yun,LI De-hua,WANG Yi-yu
(School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Xiaogan University, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei, China)
Abstract: Environment contamination posing great threats to human is a major global problem. Phytoremediation is a process whereby green plants are used to remove pollutants, especially heavy metals, from the environment or to reduce their toxicity. This technology has made rapid progress in the clean-up of heavy metal-polluted areas in a cost-effective and an environmentally friendly manner. Endophytic bacteria can be defined as bacteria colonizing the internal tissues of plants without causing symptoms of infection or negative effects on their host. Bacterial endophytes can play an important role in phytoremediation, by promoting plant growth, quickening degradation of organic pollutants, enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals and improving heavy metals accumulation by plant, or accelerating heavy metals translocation from root to shoot. The latest applications of bacterial endophytes in improving phytoremediation were reviewed and some suggestions were also put forward for the work in the future.
Key words: phytoremediation; environment contamination; bacterial endophyte; organic pollutant; heavy metal
土壤是人類生存和發展的重要基礎,但人類活動給環境造成了廣泛污染。污染土壤的清理代價是很高的,僅美國每年用于污染環境修復的金額就達60億~80億美元,而全世界的資金投入高達250億~500億美元[1]。但常用的工程學方法如淋濾法、客土法、吸附固定法等物理方法、生物還原法以及絡合物浸提法等不僅投資昂貴[2],而且還需要復雜的設備及破壞土壤的結構,對于大面積的污染更是無可奈何。植物修復(Phytoremediation)就是利用綠色植物以及與它們共生的微生物以除去環境中的污染物或者將它們變成無害物質的過程[3]。植物修復以其廉價、安全與環境友好的特點,給重金屬環境污染的修復提供了新的途徑。……