摘要:為提高葡萄生產(chǎn)肥料利用率,降低生產(chǎn)成本和減輕面源污染,利用土壤肥料學(xué)的研究成果,配合自動(dòng)控制與滴灌技術(shù),開展了葡萄營(yíng)養(yǎng)液土壤栽培技術(shù)研究。試驗(yàn)在實(shí)現(xiàn)了夏黑葡萄栽后第二年15 000 kg/hm2,栽后第三年18 000 kg/hm2的高品質(zhì)收成的同時(shí),第三年肥料三要素總用量每公頃分別為N 122.4 kg、P2O5 105.90 kg、K2O 138.3 kg,第四年肥料三要素總用量每公頃分別為N 109.65 kg、P2O5 92.70 kg、K2O 123.15 kg,栽后第三、四年肥料總用量比本地常規(guī)施肥減用1/2以上,降低了用肥成本,減少了面源污染。
關(guān)鍵詞:葡萄;營(yíng)養(yǎng)液;滴灌;栽培技術(shù)
中圖分類號(hào):S663.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2011)19-3993-03
Study on the Grape Cultivation by Nutrient Drip Irrigation
ZHAO Jin-yuan1,LIU Guang-qin2,HU Jin-xiang1
(1. Agro-technique extension service center of Yushan town, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China;
2. Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014,China)
Abstract: In order to improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce production cost and non-point source pollution in grape production, the grape cultivation by nutrient drip irrigation technology was developed by using the research achievements of soil fertilizer science, combined with the technology of automatic control and drip irrigation. In the second and third year after planted, the yield of 15 000 kg/hm2 and 18 000 kg/hm2 were achieved respectively. Meanwhile, total application amount of three major elements of fertilizer were N 122.4 kg, P2O5 105.90 kg and K2O 138.3 kg in the third year and N 109.65 kg, P2O5 92.70 kg and K2O 123.15 kg in the fourth year per hm2 respectively. Compared to conventional method, the amount of fertilizer was reduced by half.
Key words: grape; nutrient solution; drip irrigation; cultivation
葡萄的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液栽培研究最早是作為植物生理學(xué)的研究手段開展的,以此來(lái)解析植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)吸收和施肥效果。常規(guī)施肥技術(shù)是按照生育階段幾次施肥,每次大量施肥導(dǎo)致植物階段性過(guò)量吸收,同時(shí)留在土壤里來(lái)不及被植物吸收的肥料隨雨水等流失造成環(huán)境污染。再者,近年來(lái)肥料價(jià)格高漲,也提出了高吸收的施肥方法的課題。試驗(yàn)在葡萄大田土壤栽培條件下,配合自動(dòng)控制與滴灌技術(shù),開展了葡萄營(yíng)養(yǎng)液土壤栽培技術(shù)研究。
1材料與方法
1.1葡萄營(yíng)養(yǎng)液土壤栽培技術(shù)概要
系統(tǒng)概要如圖1所示。所用滴管為12 mm壓力補(bǔ)償?shù)喂喙埽ǖ慰组g距30 cm,單位滴孔流量1.05 L/h),左右各一根設(shè)置于地表距主干20 cm處。水源取自尚湖,在總管上設(shè)置疊片式過(guò)濾器過(guò)濾掉湖水中的主要雜質(zhì)和藻類,在滴灌管前設(shè)置網(wǎng)式過(guò)濾器進(jìn)一步過(guò)濾。自動(dòng)控制裝置按照葡萄的生育進(jìn)程設(shè)定,調(diào)節(jié)灌水量,肥料混入器采用美國(guó)DOSMATIC定比稀釋器,并根據(jù)樹體營(yíng)養(yǎng)、土壤提取液養(yǎng)分濃度、天氣情況進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。……