摘要:概述了黃河三角洲濱海濕地土壤石油污染現狀和石油污染物對該地區土壤、水、空氣以及對人類自身造成的危害,論述了石油污染土壤的各種生物修復技術特點及適用范圍,并對生物修復技術的研究進展進行了熱點分析,最后結合“藍、黃”兩大發展戰略對黃河三角洲濱海濕地石油污染土壤修復治理進行了展望。
關鍵詞:生物修復技術;黃河三角洲濱海濕地;土壤石油污染危害;研究熱點
中圖分類號:X53 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-3924-05
Hazards and Bioremediation of Oil-pollutants in Soil Yellow River Delta and
Coastal Wetland
QIN Yu-guang,LI Xiu-qi,CHEN Xiu-li,CHEN You-guang,DONG Guan-cang,LIU Feng,WANG Ya-nan,
LENG Chun-mei,ZHU Shi-wen,LIU Chao
(Fresh Water Fishery Research Institute of Shandong Provence, Jinan 250014, China)
Abstract: The status of oil-contaminated soil in the Yellow River delta and coastal wetland region and its hazards to soil, water, air, and human being in the area were overviwed in this article. Then varieties of bioremediation techniques, their characteriazation and utilization scope were outlined; and the research focus of the bioremediation was reviewed. In the end, accompanied by two national economic development strategies: “Eco-efficient Yellow River Delta Economic Zone Development Plan” & “Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone Development Plan”, the procspect of Oil-contaminated soil remediation was briefly presented.
Key words: bioremediation; Yellow River delta and coastal wetland; hazards of oil pollutants; research focus
石油號稱“工業的血液”,是重要的戰略資源。2010年全球的石油需求量約172億桶,合23.6億t,中國石油年產約1.9億t,位居第四,尚有超過50%依賴進口。如此龐大的石油消耗,催生了石油開采、運輸業的繁榮,但也加劇了污染。我國每年有近60萬t石油污染物進入環境,其中約有7萬t落地原油進入土壤,因此,有面積巨大的石油污染土壤有待修復[1]。東北、華北、華南、華東、西北不同地理位置和氣候特征的油田區土壤均受到了不同程度的石油污染,含油率最高達23%,超過環境背景值的500~1 000倍[2]。
石油污染土壤常用修復技術有物理修復、化學修復和生物修復。生物修復始于1989年阿拉斯加Prince William海灣發生溢油事故后的修復,后來不斷發展完善,由于其諸多優勢越來越受到世界各國的關注,也越來越成為土壤石油污染修復技術的研究熱點。
1黃河三角洲濱海濕地土壤生態特點及石油污染現狀
1.1黃河三角洲濱海濕地土壤生態特點
油區普遍存在生態環境脆弱,土壤沙化、水土流失等問題。……