摘要:通過添加鉬酸鈉,研究鉬對泡菜自然發酵過程中亞硝酸鹽累積的影響,結果表明,添加鉬酸鈉后泡菜發酵過程中亞硝酸鹽含量呈現先上升后下降的趨勢,峰值出現在第4天,但添加鉬后的試驗組均低于不添加鉬的對照組(P<0.01)。發酵成熟時(第9天),各試驗組亞硝酸鹽含量仍低于對照組(P<0.05)。添加鉬對泡菜自然發酵過程中亞硝酸鹽的累積具有抑制作用;低濃度的鉬能較好地保持泡菜抗壞血酸的含量。
關鍵詞:泡菜;鉬;亞硝酸鹽;累積
中圖分類號:TS255.54 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-3942-03
Effect of Molybdenum on Nitrite Accumulation in Pickle during Natural Fermentation
ZHENG Yi-mei1,2,FU Zhen-hai3,HU Cheng-xiao4
(1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, Zhangzhou Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China;
2. Technological Innovation Center of Zhangzhou and Taiwan Leisure Foods, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China;
3. Department of Engineering and Technology, Anhui Science And Technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China;
4. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract: The effect of molybdenum (Mo) on nitrite accumulation in pickle during natural fermentation was studied. The experiment was performed with 4 groups of the addition of Mo, 0 g/L(the control), 0.010, 0.008 and 0.006 g/L. Mo was added as Na2MoO4·2H2O. The nitrite content increased in the beginning of the natural fermentation and then decreased and its maximum content appeared at the fourth day of fermentation. The nitrite content with Mo was lower than that of the control during the whole fermentation, which suggested that Mo played a great role in inhibiting nitrite accumulation of pickle during natural fermentation. Meanwhile, lower content of Mo could keep ascorbic acid better.
Key words: pickle; molybdenum; nitrite; accumulation
泡菜是我國傳統的特色發酵食品之一。我國泡菜制品年人均需求量為0.8 kg,總量已達110萬t左右,年均增長幅度在10%以上[1]。泡菜自然發酵過程中,由于硝酸還原酶及微生物的作用,原料中硝酸鹽被還原成亞硝酸鹽,進入人體后形成具有致癌作用的亞硝胺[2-4]。因此,亞硝酸鹽含量一直是困擾泡菜食用安全性的首要問題。
目前人們主要通過生物降解[5-10]、調節發酵溫度[11]、添加其他物質[11-15]等方法減少泡菜自然發酵過程中亞硝酸鹽的含量。有關鉬(Mo)對泡菜自然發酵過程中亞硝酸鹽累積的影響鮮見報道。本試驗主要探討鉬對泡菜自然發酵過程中亞硝酸鹽累積的影響,以期為低亞硝酸鹽泡菜的生產尋求一種途徑。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗材料及處理
結球甘藍:菜市場出售的新鮮無蟲害的甘藍。
甘藍泡菜的泡制過程:稱取食鹽、鉬酸鈉,加入燒開的沸水配制成鹽水,冷卻備用。選擇新鮮甘藍,清洗干凈,取同一部位切分,裝入壇中,加入冷卻的鹽水,密封發酵,成品即為甘藍泡菜。……