摘要:褐鱗環柄菇(Lepiota helveola Bres)的乙醇粗提物對水生搖蚊(Chironomidae)的4齡幼蟲具有一定的毒殺作用,其毒殺效率最高可達96.67%。當粗提物濃度為2.0和2.5 mg/mL,作用時間在72 h時其毒殺效率均達到了90%以上。濃度為2.5 mg/mL與2.0 mg/mL的毒殺效率差異不顯著。
關鍵詞:搖蚊幼蟲;褐鱗環柄菇(Lepiota helveola Bres)提取物;毒效;防治
中圖分類號:TU991.25;Q949.329.81 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-3969-02
Toxic Effects of Alcoholic Crude Extracts from Lepiota helveola to the 4th Inster Larvae of Chironomid
MENG Mei-jiao,YANG Shao-bin
(College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044, China)
Abstract: According to the experiment taken, the alcoholic crude extracts of Lepiota helveola has toxic effect to the hydrophytic 4th instar larvae of Chironomid, and the maximal toxic effect could reach 96.67%. When the concentration of crude extracts were 2.0 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL, and the treatment time was 72 h, the toxic effect were all over 90%.The deviation between the toxicity of theextracts at the concentrations of 2.5 mg/mL and 2.0 mg/mL was not prominent.
Key words: chironomid larvae; extract of Lepiota helveola Bres; toxic; preventive treatment
搖蚊(Chironomidae)幼蟲的大量孳生不僅會使水體質量下降而影響城市凈水工藝和淡水養殖業的經濟效益,甚至會進一步威脅日常飲用水的衛生安全。另外,搖蚊幼蟲能夠攜帶細菌、病毒、立克次氏體等病原體,給人類健康造成危害[1]。羽化后的成蟲集群紛飛會對人畜造成騷擾,而且可能使人產生噴嚏、鼻炎和哮喘等過敏反應。
目前,殺滅搖蚊幼蟲主要是應用一些有機農藥或是化學藥劑,但是此種方法同時也為水域帶來藥物殘留和污染等問題,對人畜健康不利。因此,開發綠色環保的生態藥劑勢在必行。近年來,一些高等大型真菌已逐漸被證實含有殺蟲活性物質[2]。褐鱗環柄菇(Lepiota helveola Bres)具有一定的生物毒殺活性,而且其活性比較穩定,不易受溫度和酸堿性的影響,用乙醇作為溶劑能相對提高有效物質的提取率,且乙醇的毒副作用較其他有機溶劑小;再者,由于搖蚊的4齡幼蟲是搖蚊幼蟲中抗性最強的階段,因此,本試驗以搖蚊4齡幼蟲作為試驗材料,以乙醇作為溶劑對褐鱗環柄菇進行粗提,在室內測定粗提對水生搖蚊4齡幼蟲的毒效,為水生搖蚊幼蟲污染問題的治理和大型有毒真菌的開發利用提供一定的參考。……