摘要:當前,對農村勞動力培訓存在著一些模糊的認識,主要表現在培訓目的的模糊性,重視農村務工勞動力的培訓而輕視務農勞動力的培訓;培訓投入主體的模糊性,政府投入存在多頭管理的現象,導致資金使用的效率低;培訓內容的模糊性,就業培訓多而創業培訓少,就業培訓層次低;培訓對象的模糊性,包括年齡錯位、職業錯位和區域錯位。只有澄清這些認識,才能提高培訓質量,為城鄉協調發展提供高素質的勞動力。
關鍵詞:農村勞動力;培訓;模糊性
中圖分類號:F304.6 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-4092-04
Analysis of the Ambiguity in Rural Labor Force Training
HAO Ji-wei
(Business School, Luoyang Normal University,Luoyang 471022,Henan,China)
Abstract: At present, there are some vague ideas about the training of rural labor force. Training purpose is ambiguous,the migrant rural labor force is focused on and the rural labor force in agriculture is neglected. Investors are ambiguous. There exists the phenomenon of multiple management in government investment, resulting in low efficiency of the use of funds. The training content is ambiguous. Job training is as many times as entrepreneurship training, and job training is in low levels. Trainees are ambiguous, including age dislocation, professional dislocation and regional dislocation. Only after clarifying these views, it could be possible to improve the quality of training and provide high quality workforce for the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
Key words: rural labor force; training; ambiguity
Piore[1]的勞動市場分割理論將勞動力市場分成第一市場和第二市場(即二元勞動力市場體系)。第一市場是技能勞動力市場,工資較高,勞動條件較好,崗位有保障,職業前景良好,求職者往往受過良好教育、出身于富裕家庭;第二市場往往是非技能勞動者市場,工資較低,工作條件差,工作具有不穩定性和暫時性,求職者往往是窮人、年輕人、移民和婦女等。
隨著競爭的加劇,企業對農民工素質要求越來越高,從而推動農村勞動力由體力型輸出為主加快向技能型和復合型為主轉變。農村勞動力培訓的需求可以分為內源需求和外生需求[2]。有文化技術的勞動者才能在城市得到就業機會,找到報酬高而體面的工作,才能在城市站住腳。這種現實推動了已經外出或準備外出務工的農民進行人力資本的投資。從外生需求來看,對農村勞動力進行培訓是我國城市化、工業化發展的必然要求。……