摘要:針對我國北方冬季由于氣溫低而產生的沼氣池產氣率低,甚至出現沼氣池池體凍裂等問題,提出采用太陽能和電相結合為沼氣池供暖。首先建立三維溫度控制模型,為保持沼液溫度處于適合區間并在±3 ℃內波動,將沼氣池和周圍土壤看成有機整體進行控制。其次對控制系統進行了詳細的軟、硬件設計。最后以哈爾濱地區年出欄2 000頭的集約化養豬場為例進行了試驗,結果表明,在天氣最冷的4個月系統需要同時聯合電加熱,其他月份采用太陽能單獨供熱即可;系統溫度控制精確度達到±2 ℃。
關鍵詞:太陽能;沼氣;溫度控制
中圖分類號:TP273 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-4051-04
Design and Application of Solar Jointing Electric Heating Biogas Controller
LI Li-li,SHI Wei
(School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning, China)
Abstract: In view of the problems of the low temperature in north China in winter, low gas digesters, the biogas cell body frost crack and so on, a solution of using solar jointing electric power for the digester heating was proposed. At first, in order to maintain the slurry temperature in suitable range and keep the fluctuation within ±3 ℃, the digesters and the surrounding soil were considered as an organic whole, a three-dimensional model of temperature control was established. Secondly, the software and hardware of the control system were designed in detail. Finally, the experiment was conducted using an intensive pig farm of 2 000 slaughter pigs per year in Harbin as an example. The results showed that the system needed to joint electric heating in the coldest four months and it could be powered by solar heating alone in other months, the temperature control accuracy of the system was within ±2 ℃.
Key words: solar energy; biogas; temperature control
近年來,隨著農業產業化建設的提速,東北規模養殖進入一個快速發展時期,與此同時,未經處理的糞便污水對環境的污染也越發嚴重,不僅造成了對水源和大氣的污染,其中所含的病原體對人體健康也造成了極大威脅。畜禽場糞便污水屬高濃度有機廢水,非常適合于利用沼氣技術進行生化處理[1,2]。若將糞便厭氧發酵則不僅能解決農村環境衛生問題,而且能解決農村能源問題,是合理持續地開發和利用自然資源的有效途徑[3]。由于我國東北四季溫差大,對沼氣的產量及沼氣池的影響很大,影響了沼氣技術在東北的推廣。基于此設計太陽能聯合電加熱沼氣控制系統,針對不同的天氣狀況為沼氣池加熱,并自動控制發酵溫度,提高沼氣生產率,以期解決北方冬季沼氣池無法正常使用的問題。……