


摘要:為了弄清不同玉米品種不同播種季節(jié)葉片出生與穗分化的關(guān)系,選擇當(dāng)前貴州主推的7個玉米品種為材料,研究了各品種春播、夏播的可見葉﹑展開葉﹑見展葉差等與穗分化的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,7個品種同一播期雄穗、雌穗各分化期的可見葉、展開葉、見展葉差相差不大;同一品種雄穗各分化期春播的可見葉﹑展開葉數(shù)都少于夏播的。在雄穗生長錐未伸長期和生長錐伸長期各品種春播的見展葉差小于或等于夏播的,到小穗分化期之后春播的就大于或等于夏播的。在雌穗各分化期,春播的可見葉數(shù)與夏播的大致相等。在雌穗小花分化期以前,春播和夏播的展開葉數(shù)基本是相同的,在小花分化期和性器官成熟期,春播比夏播的多1~3葉。見展葉差在雌穗小穗分化期之前各品種春播的大于或等于夏播的,在小花分化期之后春播的小于或等于夏播的。
關(guān)鍵詞:玉米;葉齡;葉齡指數(shù);葉齡余數(shù);穗分化
中圖分類號:S513;S352文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2011)21-4343-04
Study on Relationship between the Leaf Born and Spike Differentiation for Both Spring and Summer Sowed Maize Varieties
SONG Bi,AN Wei,YUAN Chao-lan,MENG Jia-pin
(Agricultural College,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)
Abstract: 7 maize varieties popular in Guizhou province were selected to study the relationship between the number of visible leaves, expanded leaves, difference of visible leaves and expanded leaves with spike differentiation of the spring and summer sowed maize. The result showed that there was no significant difference in the number of visible leaves, expanded leaves, difference of visible leaves and expanded leaves while the seven varieties were sowed at the same time. The summer crop had more visible leaves and expanded leaves at the stage of male spike. The summer crop had same or less visible leaves and expanded leaves at the stage of elongation of growth cone. The spring crop had same or more visible leaves and expanded leaves after the stage of spicule differentiation. There was similar number of visible leaves between spring and summer crop at the stage of female spike differentiation, and similar number of expanded leaves before the spikelet differentiation stage. The spring crop had 1~3 more expanded leaves than summer crop at the stage of floret differentiation and genitals maturity. The spring crop had same or more visible leaves and expanded leaves before the stage of female spicule differentiation, and became same or less after then.
Key words: maize (Zea mays L.); leaf number; leaf number index; leaf number remainder; spike differentiation
玉米是貴州的主要糧食和飼料作物之一,不僅種植面積大和增產(chǎn)潛力大,而且轉(zhuǎn)化利用范圍廣。近幾年,貴州省玉米常年種植面積在100萬hm2左右,占全省耕地面積的40%以上,僅次于水稻[1]。玉米葉片生長和其他器官(根、莖、葉、節(jié)間、穗、粒)的生長發(fā)育有明顯的同伸關(guān)系[2]。在生產(chǎn)管理中,常將玉米葉齡增長動態(tài)作為玉米生長、器官分化和建成的重要形態(tài)指標(biāo),依據(jù)葉片的長勢、長相采取相應(yīng)的栽培措施[3]。只有系統(tǒng)觀察研究玉米雌穗分化發(fā)育的規(guī)律性,了解其分化發(fā)育對外界條件的要求,才能通過各種農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)措施促進(jìn)玉米雌穗的充分分化和正常發(fā)育,以獲得玉米高產(chǎn)[4]。……