摘要:近年來,中國食品安全事件頻發,高頻率的食品安全事故折射出國家地方政府監管食品安全制度的不足。政府是食品安全的第一責任人,其相關權力行為直接影響著食品安全。以美國食品安全法出臺為背景,以檢驗檢疫部門為例,探討了出口食品監管中宏觀管理和自身職能兩個核心因素對食品安全的影響,提出了監管部門要增強宏觀管理意識、強化自身職能、推動產業持續發展的相關措施。
關鍵詞:食品安全;監管;職能
中圖分類號:TS201.6文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2011)21-4534-03
The Enlightenment from the “Food Safety Modernization Act” of the United States tothe Food Safety Supervision of China
XU Xian-hua1,FAN Bin-bin2,DU De-qing1
(1. Suizhou Office of Hubei Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Suizhou 441300, Hubei, China;
2. Suizhou Technician College, Suizhou 441300, Hubei, China)
Abstract: In recent years, China's food safety accidents occurred frequently. High frequency of food safety accidents reflected the shortage of local government's supervision of food safety system. The government should be the first organization in charge of food safety and its actions could affect the food safety directly. Based on the " Food Safety Modernization Act" of the United States and taking the inspection and quarantine department as an example, the author discussed the effect of two core factors of food exports on food safety. Measures such as enhancing macro management consciousness, strengthening self-functions and promoting sustainable development of industries were proposed.
Key words: food safety; supervision; function
2011年1月4日,美國總統奧巴馬簽署了國會參議院和眾議院通過的“食品安全現代化法案”,使之成為正式法律,美國食品安全監管體系將面臨70多年來最大的改革。美國《食品安全現代化法案》包括提高防御食品安全問題的能力、提高檢測和應對食品安全問題的能力、提高進口食品的安全性和其他規定4個方面。該法案的核心宗旨是強調食品安全應以預防為主。該法案擴大了美國食品和藥物管理局(FDA)的監管權力和職責,并要求食品企業承擔更多責任。具體表現在:一是FDA首次擁有強制召回權,可以直接下令召回而無需要求生產廠家自愿召回;二是強化對食品生產者的監管,FDA有權檢查食品加工設施,當國外企業或政府拒絕檢查時,可禁止批準其食品的進口;三是對進口食品嚴加監管,輸美食品企業需要事先向FDA備案;四是食品供應鏈每個環節的所有人都必須承擔責任。……