



摘要:對湖北不同茶區15只代表性茶樣進行了氨基酸組分分析。結果表明,湖北名優綠茶共檢出20種游離氨基酸,其中茶氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和精氨酸含量較高,占游離氨基酸總量的59.17%~85.09%。各類氨基酸中,以脂肪族氨基酸含量最高,占游離氨基酸總量的88.96%~98.02%,而芳香族氨基酸和雜環族氨基酸含量較低。呈現苦味、甜味和鮮味的氨基酸共12種,在茶湯中的濃度普遍低于其閾值。
關鍵詞:名優綠茶;湖北;氨基酸
中圖分類號:S571.1;Q517文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2011)21-4419-03
Analysis on Amino Acids of Famous Green Teas in Hubei
GONG Zi-ming,WANG Xue-ping,GAO Shi-wei,ZHENG Peng-cheng,YE Fei,WANG Hong-juan,LI Chuan-zhong (Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Tea Engineering and Technology Research Centre,
Wuhan 430209, China)
Abstract: The amino acids content of 15 representative famous tea samples in Hubei were analyzed. The results showed that 20 kinds of free amino acids were detected, the contens of theanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine were relatively higher than that of the others, accounted for 59.17%~85.09% of the total free amino acids. In various amino acids, the content of the aliphatic amino acids was the highest, accounted for 88.96%~98.02% of the total free amino acids. While the contens of aromatic amino acids and heterocyclic amino acids was relatively lower. In the amino acid composition, the concentration of aspartic acid and the glutamic acid, which present umami taste and provide more contribution to the flavor of Hubei green teas, was much higher than their thresholds. While the concentration of amino acid component which present bitter and sweet taste were generally lower than their thresholds.
Key words: famous green tea; Hubei; amino acid
氨基酸是決定茶葉香氣、滋味的重要生化成分,對綠茶滋味的影響尤為明顯[1]。據研究,茶氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸等氨基酸與綠茶品質呈極顯著正相關[2,3]。為系統了解湖北名優綠茶氨基酸含量狀況,探明湖北地方名優綠茶氨基酸含量規律,對2009年湖北4大茶區8個市(州)14個主要產茶縣(市、區)生產的名優綠茶進行了氨基酸組分分析,試驗結果將為發展我省名優綠茶和提高名優茶品質提供理論依據。
1材料與方法
選取湖北省具有代表性的采花毛尖、蕭氏毛尖王等15只名優綠茶作為供試材料。這些名茶分別來自湖北省五峰縣、恩施市、英山縣、咸安區等14個茶葉主產縣(市、區)。茶葉樣品信息具體見表1。
試驗采用賽卡姆(Sykam)S433D全自動氨基酸分析儀進行氨基酸組分的分析測定。
2結果與分析
2.1不同茶樣氨基酸組分含量分析結果
15只茶樣共檢出20種游離氨基酸(表2)。對不同名茶氨基酸種類及含量的統計可知,15只茶樣中含有17~20種氨基酸,其中采花毛尖、皇恩寵錫含17種氨基酸,龍峰茶含18種氨基酸,鶴峰茶、圣水毛尖、汀泗川玉茶含20種氨基酸,其余茶樣含19種氨基酸。……