



摘要:采用水蒸氣蒸餾法,運用正交試驗設計,研究浸泡時間、提取時間、加水量對神農香菊(Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum)揮發油提取率的影響。結果顯示,加水量為藥材質量的8倍,浸泡3.0 h,提取6.0 h,所得神農香菊揮發油的提取率最高;在放大生產中,提取時間為6.5 h時可得到揮發油最大提取收益;但作為煙用香料使用時,只需提取5.0 h,揮發油中主要成分對傘花烴和芳樟醇的含量即達到最大。
關鍵詞:神農香菊(Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum);揮發油;提取條件;正交試驗
中圖分類號:R284.2文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2011)21-4451-03
Optimization of Volatile Oil Extraction Conditions from Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum
XIE Chao1,2,HUANG Long2,RONG Lin2,WU Zhao2,YU Shang-gong1,FANG Nian-bo1
(1. Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and Compound Prescription (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan, 430061, China; 2. Technology Center of China Tobacoo Hubei Industria Corporation,Wuhan 430051,China)
Abstract: Volatile oil was extracted from Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum by water steam distillation method. The effects of soaking time, extracting time and dosage of water on the yield of volatile oil were studied through orthogonal test. According to orthogonal design, the optimum technology for extracting volatile oil from D. indicum var. aromaticum was soaking for 3 h when the dosage of water was eightfold of material mass, and then extracting for 6.0 h. However, in enlarged production, the extracting time for obtaining the highest yield was prolonged to 6.5 h. Moreover, the extracting time should be only 5.0 h for being used as flavor in tobacco, as the content of p-ymene and linalool, main components in violent oil of D. indicum var. aromaticum, reached the highest in that time.
Key words: Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum; volatile organic; extraction condition; orthogonal test
神農香菊為菊科植物神農香菊(Dendranthema indicume var. aromaticum)的干燥頭狀花序,主產于湖北神農架地區海拔2 000 m以上的向陽開闊地帶,具有濃郁的香氣[1]。現代研究表明,神農香菊揮發油中主要成分有對傘花烴、α-水芹烯等,具有抗菌、抗氧化、止咳、鎮靜等藥理作用,民間也常以其制作香囊和作辛涼解表、清熱藥及治療慢性肝炎[2]。現代化工行業也對其香味成分的開發十分重視[3-7],但目前對神農香菊揮發油的提取工藝尚未見報道,本試驗對神農香菊揮發油提取工藝進行了研究,同時結合其主要成分的含量變化進一步優化提取工藝,并進行了放大生產,根據揮發油用途建立了神農香菊揮發油的最佳提取條件。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
神農香菊于2010年10月下旬采摘于神農架紅坪地區,陰干后粉碎,過40目篩,備用。
1.2方法
1.2.1提取方法采用水蒸氣蒸餾法提取神農香菊揮發油,準確稱取粉碎后的神農香菊100.00 g,置于圓底燒瓶中,加入一定量的水浸泡一段時間后加熱回流提取,收集揮發油,以揮發油的得率[揮發油得率=(揮發油質量/生藥材質量)×100%]為提取工藝的衡量指標。……