

摘要:浙江紅山茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu)是中國特有珍貴油茶和茶花樹種,國內外曾引種。為了掌握浙江紅山茶引種栽培情況,通過走訪專家、技術人員和老農以及實地調查,結合查閱文獻,繪出栽培區域分布圖。結果表明,浙江紅山茶栽培管理粗放,樹體老化,加之受山體開發、砍伐和挖掘移栽等影響,栽培面積銳減,必須加強保護。
關鍵詞:浙江紅山茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu);引種;栽培與利用;現狀調查
中圖分類號:S685.14;S602.2文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2011)21-4411-04
The Present Status of Cultivation and Utilization about Camellia chekiangoleosa
XIE Yun1,2,LI Ji-yuan1,WANG Yi3,L?譈 Jing-jie4,XU Fen-fen5
(1.Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, Zhejiang, China;
2.Tianmu College, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang,China;3. Forestry Bureau of Qingtian County, Qingtian 323900, Zhejiang, China;4.Forestry Station of Xinjian Town of Jinyun County,Jinyun 321402, Zhejiang, China;
5.Construction Bureau of Jingning County, Jingning 323500, Zhejiang, China)
Abstract: As a rare and particular oil and ornamental camellia plant in China, Camellia chekiangoleosa was introduced all over the word. In order to understand its present status of introduction, a regional distribution map was drawn by visiting experts and skilled farmers, field investigation and literature reviewing. The result showed that the cultivation area of C. chekiangoleosa was decreasing fast because of exploitation of mountains, aging, massive lopping and transplanting. The resource of C. chekiangoleosa should be protected.
Key words: Camellia chekiangoleosa; introduction; cultivation and utilization; investigation of status
浙江紅山茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu)是我國特有樹種,集觀賞、油用、藥用于一身,是重要的油茶和茶花育種種質資源,具有重要的觀賞價值和經濟價值[1]。其花大色艷,目前在國內外作為園林、庭院綠化樹種被引種栽培,已成為園林觀賞植物珍品[2,3];作為油料分布面積和產量曾居全國第四[4],含油率和脂肪酸組成均比普通油茶高出5%~10%[5],且耐寒性強[6]。因此,浙江紅山茶在油茶生產和園林觀賞花卉方面均有著巨大的潛在價值。
然而,由于浙江紅山茶野生和實生繁殖子代變異大、產量低而長期被忽視,一直處于野生和半野生狀態,數量越來越少,已被浙江省列為漸危種[7]和省級珍稀瀕危植物[8],被福建省列為省級重點保護植物[9]。最近幾年中國油茶產業有所發展,但進展有限。當前,全面系統地掌握浙江紅山茶引種栽培和利用現狀,對于浙江紅山茶種質資源保護和開發利用具有重要意義。
1調查地點、內容與方法
按照閔天祿[1]的分類系統,咨詢各地林業部門,聘請當地林站技術員、護林員、知情老農作向導,于2009~2010年對記錄曾栽培浙江紅山茶的福建霞浦、江西德興、浙江縉云、青田、慶元、景寧等6縣(市)的人工栽培情況進行了調查。……