





摘要:以鄭麥9023為材料,通過不同水肥耦合處理,研究了水肥耦合下小麥根系及根際微環境變化的差異。結果表明,在同一水分條件下,增施氮肥顯著增加單位面積穗數,最終產量表現為施氮肥200 kg/hm2的處理>施氮肥300 kg/hm2的處理>不施氮肥的處理;同一氮肥處理下,灌水處理增加了單位面積穗數、穗粒數、千粒重和產量。從耦合效益來看,施氮肥200 kg/hm2、拔節期灌水750 m3/hm2的處理的產量最高;且提高根系中各有機酸含量、土壤微生物數量、根系活力、土壤全氮含量。根系分泌物中乙酸、檸檬酸含量與三大類土壤微生物數量呈極顯著正相關,琥珀酸含量與土壤微生物數量呈顯著正相關,而蘋果酸含量與土壤微生物無明顯相關性。
關鍵詞:小麥;水肥耦合;根系;微環境
中圖分類號:S512.1.06文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2011)21-4350-03
Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Roots and Rhizosphere Microenvironment of Wheat
XU Guo-wei1,2,CHANG Er-hua2,CHEN Ming-can1,LI You-jun1
(1.Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, Henan, China; 2. Agricultural College, Yangzhou University / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China)
Abstract: Using Zhengmai 9023 as expriment material, the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on roots and rhizosphere microenvironment of wheat were investigate. Applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the number of spike significantly under the same water condition. The grain yield order of different nitrogen application treatment was 200 kg/hm2 > 300 kg/hm2 > control. Irrigation increased the number of spike, the grain number per spike, the biomass per 1 000 grains and the yield of wheat under the same nitrogen application condition. In the treatment of appllying 200 kg/hm2 N with irrigating water 750 m3/hm2, the grain yield was the highest, the content of organic acid and activity of root and total nitrogen and the microbe number in soil was improved. Besides, the content of acetic acid and citric acid exudated by root had significant positive correlation with the number of microbe in soil; but no obvious correlation between the content of malic acid and the number of microbe in soil was observed.
Key words: wheat; water and fertilizer coupling; roots; microenviroment
近年來,隨著根際微生態學的建立和發展,根系分泌物已成為植物營養學和根際微生態學研究的重要內容[1]。根系作為植物與土壤的接觸面,從土壤中吸收水分、養分的同時,也是激素合成的場所。長期以來,國內外學者圍繞作物根系的形態、生理等通過木質部傳導直接對地上部植株發生調控作用方面開展了廣泛而深入的研究[2-7],但圍繞根系分泌物的研究相對薄弱。它的合成、釋放、在根際的消長動態及其對植物養分吸收、生長發育的影響等方面都具有重要的理論研究價值和實踐意義。
干旱對世界經濟和社會造成的損失相當于其他各種自然災害造成的損失之和[8]?!?br>