





摘要:以油菜(Brassica napus L.)華油雜9號和華雙5號為試驗材料,研究了播種期和密度對直播油菜單株性狀及產量構成的影響。結果表明,品種、播種期及播種期與密度互作對產量的影響達極顯著水平。華油雜9號比華雙5號增產,主要原因是單株有效角果數增多;早播有利于直播油菜冬前個體生長,單株分枝數、單株有效角果數、每角粒數和千粒重均有所增加;而不同播種期所要求的最適密度不同,早播條件下低密度更能發揮增產潛力,遲播條件下增加播種密度、加大群體的增產效應更加明顯。
關鍵詞:油菜(Brassica napus L.);播種期;密度;產量;產量構成因素
中圖分類號:S565.4文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2011)21-4337-03
Effect of Sowing Time and Density on Yield and Yield Components of
Direct-seeding Rapeseed
MEI Jin-an1,MEI Shao-hua1,CHEN Xing-guo1,CHENG Ying-de1,WU Hai-ya2,XIA Qi-xin1,
ZHAI Zhong-bing2,ZHOU Yu-ting2,GUO Xi-fa2
(1.Wuxue City Bureau of Agriculture in Hubei Province, Wuxue 435400,Hubei,China;
2. Dafasi Agricultural Extension Services Centre in Wuxue City of Hubei Province,Wuxue 435404,Hubei,China)
Abstract: Huayouza 9 and huashuang 5 were used to study the effect of sowing date and plant density on direct seeding rapeseed traits and yield components. The results showed that variety, sowing date and interaction of sowing time and density significantly affected yield. The yield of Huayouza 9 was larger than huashuang 5, mainly due to the increase of effective pods per plant. Early sowing was conducive to individual growth of direct-seeding rape before winter; the number of branches per plant, effective pod number per plant, seed number per pod and 1 000 grain weight all increased. The optimum sowing density differed according to differennt sowing time. Low density could help inspiring yield increasing potential under early sowing conditions; while high sowing density was suitable for late sowing time.
Key words: rapeseed(Brassica napus L.); sowing date; density; yield; factors of yield
武穴市2009年獲湖北省“油菜生產大縣”稱號,連續多年油菜種植面積超過2.67萬hm2。育苗免耕移栽曾經是當地油菜主要種植方式[1],油菜茬口以單季晚稻、雙季晚稻和中稻為主。近年來,隨著社會經濟的發展和農村勞動力的轉移,油菜直播栽培正在快速擴展[2,3]。同時氣候變暖為直播油菜播種期推遲提供了可能(直播油菜播種期比育苗移栽遲15 d以上),暖冬氣候有利于直播油菜培育壯苗和安全越冬,實現秋發冬壯[4,5]。適期播種和合理密植是實現油菜高產的主要栽培措施,播種期的遲早影響油菜生育狀況,密度能協調油菜單株生長優勢與合理群體的矛盾[6]。本試驗結合湖北省油菜主推品種及當地油菜茬口,研究了不同播種期、密度條件對直播油菜產量構成的單因素作用及產量的交互作用,旨在為形成直播油菜高產栽培技術提供依據。……