培育傳統美德的文化奇葩

現代甬劇《寧波大哥》，是浙江省唯一入選第十二屆中國戲劇節劇目，其在臺前幕后的見聞令人唏噓不已，激動人心。它在2011年全國戲劇界聲名播揚。

山城動容

丹桂飄香時節，第十二屆中國戲劇節在山城重慶拉開帷幕。這是每兩年舉辦一次的全國性戲劇展示和評獎。劇團精彩演藝使山城動容。地方小劇種甬劇《寧波大哥》入選，不僅是甬劇的榮光，也是對甬劇的考驗。因為在戲劇節上獻藝競技的，有來自北京、上海、西藏等18個省市自治區和中直以及部隊系統的29個參演劇目，這些從全國100多臺戲中過關斬將選拔的優秀劇作，涵蓋了昆曲、京劇、川劇、豫劇、秦腔、越劇、黃梅戲等15個戲曲劇種以及話劇、舞劇、音樂劇。《寧波大哥》劇組人員則精神振奮、心態平靜，正如主要演員王錦文所說：“我們在排演過程中，什么都不想，只是一味想把這個劇目演好。”

10月15日，《寧波大哥》亮相在重慶巴渝劇場，劇情演到最后一場，場內噪動。工作人員緊張，難道發生了什么事故，還是甬劇的寧波方言釀成語言障礙的倒彩？一聽，觀眾席上有人嚎啕大哭；細聽，還有哭泣聲一片。原來是劇中人物王永強驚天地、泣鬼神的表演引起的。這使人記起共和國成立之前上演《白毛女》時，有一次觀眾看到臺上惡霸黃世仁的胡作非為，有位戰士竟然要拔槍打死飾黃世仁的演員，以至后來規定觀眾不能持槍進入劇場。

與當年《白毛女》激起的仇恨之情相比，《寧波大哥》讓人迸發的是感恩之心所產生的震撼。演出結束后，不少重慶觀眾還給甬劇團打來電話，有個觀眾說：“我長久沒有看到過這樣的好戲，更沒有見過催人淚下的好戲，惟獨只有《寧波大哥》。”

知恩圖報

《寧波大哥》的劇情發生在上世紀80年代之后，這是弘揚傳統美德的新曲。

劇中寧波大哥李信良和王永強結成生死兄弟。18年前，年輕的王永強流落異鄉，身染重病，在孤苦無助中，遇上萍水相逢的寧波老鄉李信良，李信良毫不猶豫地伸出救援之手，從經濟資助到長達四個多月的護理，悉心照顧王永強的生活；李信良至純至美的言行，滋潤了王永強的心坎，把王永強從死亡線上拉回來，鼓起了王永強的人生風帆。

王永強心中一直惦念著大哥李信良，要讓企業賺大錢來報答恩人。但是商海風波，事業受挫，王永強為避債務，造成陰差陽錯，18年兄弟之間擦肩而過未曾相見。待到18年后，叱咤風云的民營企業家王永強，千里尋恩人，終于找到恩深義重的李信良家。但恩人卻在三年前患絕癥去世。此時陰陽兩隔、不勝遺憾。

第七場雪野荒原祭墳是全劇的高潮。王永強由沃幸康扮演，他全身心進入劇中角色，且聽那千古知音的唱腔：

十八年我發誓要混出個人模樣，到如今，混來了錢，混足了糧，混出了富裕和堂皇。豈料想兄弟相見隔陰陽，跪荒冢痛定思痛捫心思以往，多少事悔愧煎心無法再補償。我只顧全部身心撲向創業場，卻忘掉親情需要時時慰寒涼。我只顧眼盯利潤賺賠升與降，卻忘了人生苦短天倫及時享。我只顧賺足金錢一總報恩賬，卻忘了人性溫暖最美是家常。

王永強祭墳之后懂得大哥李信良的大愛無疆，懷著對大哥的深厚感情，設立了寧波大哥教育基金，把片片愛心灑向人間。

浙江驕傲

《寧波大哥》主要劇情確有其人其事。

“李信良”的真名實姓是李信國，寧波市海曙區人，寧波赴黑龍江知識青年，在寧波知青博物館有李信國的雕像。

“王永強”的原型人物是王國軍，余姚市小曹娥人，王龍集團總裁。2008年被評為“浙江驕傲”十大人物之一。

王國軍外表平凡卻志存高遠。沃幸康為探索王永強的內心世界，多次與王國軍談心，認為王國軍是一個非常低調的人，不喜歡張揚，但又有非常崇高的志向，一定要在市場經濟中賺到大錢，用來報恩。

王國軍的家鄉小曹娥鎮地處錦繡的寧紹平原，民風淳樸。小曹娥海涂旁邊傳說為曹娥父女沉江浮尸之地。后來小曹娥人建起曹娥殿，如今改稱孝女廟，小曹娥的地名就由此而來。至今那里每年有以孝文化為主題的文化活動。王國軍成長在孝文化之鄉的土地上，從小沐浴著慈孝文化，受人滴水之恩，要報之以涌泉。

小曹娥鎮人大主席李樹強先生講述王國軍是當地有口皆碑的好人。《寧波大哥》把好人編成好戲，劇情生動有看頭。劇目把知恩圖報的主題演得絲絲入扣，使人間真情升華成大愛。

身為民營企業家的王國軍，為報恩矢志不渝，百折不撓辦好企業。小曹娥是中國榨菜之鄉余姚市的榨菜發源地，王國軍深諳以前榨菜加工使用防腐劑的弊端，他在原子能專家的指導下，篳路藍縷，試制成山梨酸鉀。這種安全、高效的食品添加劑由聯合國世界糧農組織和世界衛生組織向各國推薦。王國軍的公司所產山梨酸鉀除出口外，國內市場的覆蓋率占60%。《寧波大哥》折射出了企業文化的軟實力，詮釋了社會主義價值體系的豐富內涵。

錦上添花

劇本乃一劇之本。《寧波大哥》題材的選定，劇組人員忘不了慧眼獨具的郭國強先生。2004年5月8日，他在寧波去北京的飛機上，看到寧波日報刊登王國軍知恩圖報的事跡，決計把它搬上舞臺。但是，創作真人真事的現代劇，其難度為業內人士所共知。擔任寧波市藝術劇院院長的郭國強更為理解，要把真人真事轉化成藝術形象，難免有人要“對號入座”，體現人物內心的矛盾掙扎會擔心不被認同。半個世紀前，離小曹娥鎮5公里外有《斗詩亭》現代戲題材的產生地，造成那里的人為悲劇，令人扼腕嘆息。所以有人把現代劇的作者比作“戴著腳鐐跳舞者”。

寧波市的甬劇團、越劇團和歌舞團3個國有文藝團體在體制改革中，統一合并成立了寧波市藝術劇院，在建設文化強市的背景下，郭國強院長說，機制更活，管理更規范，藝術的生產力得到釋放。《寧波大哥》的劇本，顛覆性的修改就有四次，至于小的修改不計其數。從改劇本、寫唱詞到作曲、排演，每一個環節都要下功夫，有的甚至白天連著黑夜地“熬”。為備戰中國戲劇節，國慶節長假《寧波大哥》劇組人員一天都沒休息，每天都在院里排演。

《寧波大哥》源于生活，又要本質地藝術地體現生活、高于生活，為此劇組人員深入到真人真事所在地小曹娥和黑龍江七臺河煤礦，在故事發生地體驗生活，男演員們還深入到600米深的煤礦里，感受主人公李信良當年的煤礦生涯。劇目的主演沃幸康、王錦文都是國家一級演員，《寧波大哥》的演出，無論在首都北京，還是在北陲黑龍江，觀眾反映劇情、人物沒有“高、大、全”的宣傳，唱詞也沒有拔高的說教，那貼近生活的演藝，在建設思想道德文化中更令人信服。《寧波大哥》宛轉悠揚的唱腔，聽起來雋永悅耳，具有濃郁的江南特色。地方小劇種，承擔起厚重大題材，稱得上越有個性和特色，越能傳之久遠。

《寧波大哥》榮獲第十二屆中國戲劇節劇目獎。

主演沃幸康榮獲第十二屆中國戲劇節優秀表演獎。□

Ningbo Opera Play Wins Top National Prize

By Chen Weiquan

The 16-day-long 12th China Theater Festival in Chongqing concluded on October 30， 2011. The biennial gala celebrates China’s regional operas as well as western stage arts such as drama， musical and dance drama. It serves as the final for the best plays after preliminary presentations across the country. The 29 plays at this year’s festival represented 15 regional operas across the country and were the winners out of the first round selection in which more than 100 plays competed.

“Brother from Ningbo，” a Ningbo Opera play staged by Ningbo Arts Troupe， was the only regional opera performance that represented Zhejiang Province at the national theater gala. It won a Best Play Award at the festival. The play was staged at Bayu Theater in Chongqing on October 15. The stage manager panicked when a commotion occurred during the last act. For a second， he did not know whether there was an accident or audience finally revolted because Ningbo dialect became an unbearable language nuisance. But he soon felt relieved. Someone among the audience was crying loudly and many were sobbing. They were all being touched by the tear-jerking finale of the play.

In the play， Wang Yongqiang， a sick young man down and out in the world， runs into Li Xinliang， a man from Ningbo. Li goes out of his way to help the young man in trouble. He foots all the medical bills of Wang and nurses him back to health over a period of four months. Wang comes back from near death. The two become sworn brothers. In order to return Li’s generosity and big-heartedness on his own terms， Wang Yongqiang works hard and swears to become rich enough before he sees his savior again， but he fails to make it soon enough. After he finally succeeds as a businessman after 18 years of hard work， Wang goes proudly to find his savior. Unfortunately， Li died of cancer three years ago. Wang visits the cemetery and weeps at the tomb of his sworn brother. The final act depicts how Wang expresses his regret and that was what moved the audience to tears.

The play is based on real people and real events. Li Xinliang in the play is based on the story of a man named Li Xinguo. A native of Ningbo， he went to Heilongjiang Province during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). A generous man， he helped people and died of cancer. Today， his statue stands at a Ningbo museum in honor of the young who left home and went to the rural areas during the Cultural Revolution. The character Wang Yongqiang in the play is based on the story of Wang Guojun， an entrepreneur and philanthropist of Ningbo origin. Wang now runs a business that produces potassium sorbate， a high-tech food additive for making various pickles in China. Wang’s business has 60% share of the national market.

Guo Guoqiang， president of Ningbo Arts Troupe， played a key role in choosing Li and Guo as the heroes of the new play. Guo Guoqiang read about Wang in Ningbo Daily during his flight from Ningbo to Beijing on May 8， 2004. Inspired， he decided to make a play to tell the story. However， it would be very challenging to tell a story about real people on the stage. People in the theater circle in Zhejiang learned it the hard way. Half a century ago， an inspired playwright wrote a play based on a real event. It caused political trouble and suffering to innocent people. But Guo decided to go ahead. After all， the world had changed a great deal.

Art was the greatest challenge to Guo and his troupe. The script went through numerous rewriting， including four major ones. Guo and his scriptwriters avoided sermonizing a grand ideology. They wanted something that would appeal to the hearts of the people. Artists went to the coal mine in Heilongjiang Province where Li once lived and worked. They went down to the 600-meter-deep underground where coalminers worked. As the festival day was approaching， the artists drove themselves even harder. They worked day and night to perfect every detail. The assiduous work paid off. □