摘要:中國食品安全形勢嚴峻,監管制度效率低下。影響制度效率的主要因素有制度的創設成本、運行成本、制度在生命有效期內的收益,提高制度效率的關鍵是在優化環境基礎上,合理設計、有序推行。中國食品安全監管體系機構職能重疊、分段監管、標準混亂,存在著效率損失。因此,必須優化環境和政府職能,推進農業標準化,變分段監管為分職能監管,由質監部門統一標準,建立和完善物聯網,提高食品安全監管制度的收益和效率。
關鍵詞:食品安全;監管;制度效率;農業標準化
中圖分類號:TS201.6;F203;T-652.2 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)16-3241-03
Research on the Efficiency of Chinese Food Safety Regulatory Institution
GUO Yan-ping
(School of Political Science Law, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China)
Abstract: The safety situation of Chinese food was grim; and the efficiency of regulatory institution was low. The main factors affecting the efficiency were the cost of system creation and operation, revenue in the period of life. The key of improving the institutional efficiency was rational design and orderly implementation based on the environment optimization. The efficiency loss of Chinese food safety regulatory institution came from the sub-regulation, standard confusion and organizations overlap. Therefore, to improve the gains and efficiency of the food safety regulatory institution, measures such as improving the environment and the government functions, promoting agricultural standardization, changing the mode of regulation, establishing and improving EPS System Network showld be taken.
Key words: food safety; regulation; institutional efficiency; agricultural standardization
“民以食為天”不僅僅指要有足夠的食物可供食用,而且包括食品的質量安全要得到保證。隨著經濟的發展以及人們生活水平的提高,消費者對食品安全的要求越來越高[1],食品供求的格局已從“量”的需求向“質”的方向發展,越來越多的消費者以及學者開始關注食品的質量安全,食品安全問題已成為社會的熱點和重大課題。中國早在1964年就頒布了《食品衛生管理條例》對食品安全進行監管。然而,近50年過去了,我國的食品安全形勢卻日益嚴峻,這在全社會引起了聚焦效應,并成為學界討論的熱點。由于食品安全領域存在著嚴重的市場失靈,政府不得不介入食品市場進行安全監管。周德翼等[2]和周潔紅等[3]從理論上論證了政府的食品安全監管制度本質上是一個信息管理的成本—收益問題,有效的管理制度能以最低的成本提供最多的質量安全信息,最大限度地減少食品安全監管中的信息不對稱問題。……