



摘要:采用有機態(tài)硼肥(國家發(fā)明專利號:ZL200810243821.2)在油菜薹期施用,研究其對油菜的生長、主莖托葉葉綠素含量和熒光特性以及產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,在有效硼濃度為1.50 mg/L處理后植株高度增加8.95%,而一次分枝高度比對照降低39.96%,一次分枝數(shù)和二次分枝數(shù)分別增加15.91%和29.67%。同時能夠提高油菜主莖托葉葉片中的葉綠素含量和改善葉綠素的熒光動力學(xué)參數(shù)。主莖莢數(shù)、單株總莢數(shù)和產(chǎn)量分別比對照提高24.44%、33.26%和37.06%。
關(guān)鍵詞:有機態(tài)硼;油菜;應(yīng)用效果
中圖分類號:S565.4.062 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)16-3268-03
The Application Effects of Organic Boron on Oilseed Rape Production
XU Jian-ming1,GAO Hong-quan2,LI Shi-mo1,YANG Wen-jie1,LU Yan1,JI You-quan2,FENG Su-ming2
(1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu,China; 2. Exten Station for Crop Cult ofLianshui County, Lianshui 223400,Jiangsu,China)
Abstract: The application effects of organic boron on oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) production were studied. The results showed that after treated by 1.50 mg/L of boron,plant height was increased by 8.95%; and height of first branch was decreased by 39.96%. The number of first branches and secondary branches increased by 15.91% and 29.67% respectely. The chlorophyll contents of main stem leaf were increased; and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were improved. The effective pods per main stem and per plant were increased by 24.44% and 33.26%. The seed yield per 666.67m2 was increased by 37.06% after organic boron treatment.
Key words: organic boron; oilseed rape; application effects
硼是植物生長的必需微量元素之一,在植株形態(tài)發(fā)育和生殖生長過程中起著重要的作用。1923年Warington在碗豆試驗中證實了硼對植物生長的必需性,但硼的研究在20世紀(jì)上半葉進展較為緩慢,直到日本大面積發(fā)生的油菜萎縮不實或花而不實現(xiàn)象,并于1953年通過施硼得到解決,植物硼營養(yǎng)的研究才開始進入一個新的階段。硼在植物體內(nèi)的含量通常為2~100 mg/kg,若小于10 mg/kg時則會引起植物缺硼,大多數(shù)植物出現(xiàn)缺硼癥狀[1-4]。近年來,農(nóng)業(yè)施肥技術(shù)得到極大發(fā)展,特別是N、P、K等大量元素的施肥水平逐年提高。但是對微量元素尤其是硼肥的重視程度還很不夠,導(dǎo)致土壤中元素含量失衡,因此對硼等微量元素的重視已愈來愈顯得重要[5-10]。目前大量報道的是無機硼在植物生長發(fā)育過程中的作用,且在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中普遍使用無機硼作為硼肥,由于無機硼在水中的溶解性較低,植物有效吸收較低,而研究植物高吸收形式硼(例如有機態(tài)硼)的報道甚少。……