




摘要:通過三峽地區(qū)旱坡地田間定位試驗(yàn),研究了柑橘園中3種植物籬對(duì)水土流失、土壤有效氮磷及柑橘生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明,植物籬處理能顯著減少水土流失,百喜草、黃花菜及花生3種植物籬處理的水土流失量均比無(wú)植物籬低,其中百喜草植物籬處理水土流失量最低;3種植物籬處理的土壤有效磷含量均高于無(wú)植物籬處理,但有效氮含量卻低于對(duì)照,這主要是由于植物籬對(duì)N的吸收造成的;3種植物籬處理中柑橘長(zhǎng)勢(shì)均較無(wú)植物籬處理差,其中百喜草植物籬中柑橘長(zhǎng)勢(shì)最差,這表明植物籬與柑橘樹對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分有明顯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用。
關(guān)鍵詞:旱坡地;植物籬;水土流失;土壤養(yǎng)分;柑橘生長(zhǎng)
中圖分類號(hào):S157.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2011)16-3272-03
Effects of Different Hedgerows on Runoff and Soil Loss, Soil Available N, P and Citrus Growth on Slope Land
WANG Li1,2,WU Shu-yong3,ZHANG Guo-shi1,CHEN Fang1
(1.Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3.Bureau of Agriculture of Zigui County, Zigui 443600,Hubei, China)
Abstract: A long term fixed field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different hedgerows on runoff and soil losses, soil available N, P and the growth of citrus. Results showed that hedgerows significantly reduced runoff and soil loss. Runoff and soil losses of the treatments with different hedgerows were all lower thanthat of CK treatment(No hedgerows). The treatment with Paspalum notatum hedgerows (PN treatment) showed the lowest runoff and soil losses. The soil available P contents of the three treatments with hedgerows were higher than that of CK, whereas the soil available N contents were lower than that of CK, and this was caused by hedgerows absorption of N. The citrus growth of treatments with hedgerows was inferior to that of CK, and the citrus growth of PN treatment was the worst among the three treatments with hedgerows, which indicated that there might be significant competition for nutrients between hedgerows and citrus.
Key words: slope land; hedgerows; runoff and soil loss; soil nutrition; citrus growth
土壤流失是指土壤及其母質(zhì)在外力作用下被破壞、剝蝕和轉(zhuǎn)移的過程[1]。它是世界土壤退化的主要原因之一[2],而且日漸成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的社會(huì)和環(huán)境問題而備受關(guān)注[3]。耕作方式和地表的植被狀況是影響徑流強(qiáng)度和泥沙沉積量的最重要的因素之一[4-6],因此,通過合理地調(diào)配耕作及植被覆蓋方式,能顯著改善地表狀況和土壤特性,從而把土壤流失減少到可以接受的范圍之內(nèi),而且土壤特性的改善也能進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)地表植被的生長(zhǎng)[7]。
我國(guó)三峽地區(qū)是水土流失比較嚴(yán)重的一個(gè)地區(qū),其總面積62 640 km2的區(qū)域中,有52.1%區(qū)域坡度在7~25°之間,37.5%的區(qū)域坡度在25°以上[8]。據(jù)報(bào)道,三峽地區(qū)的土壤流失量每年約有1.57×108t, 其中46.2%來自耕作坡地,坡地的耕作管理是決定該地區(qū)生態(tài)持續(xù)性的關(guān)鍵因素之一[9]。……