摘要:羊樓洞茶業(yè)起于唐,盛于宋,清末民初達(dá)到鼎盛,之后逐步衰落。茶區(qū)得天獨(dú)厚的自然環(huán)境和區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)為茶業(yè)發(fā)展提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),隨著全面飲茶之風(fēng)的興起,茶葉市場(chǎng)需求逐漸旺盛,加之宗教的影響,羊樓洞茶業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,主要表現(xiàn)在茶區(qū)擴(kuò)大、名茶發(fā)展、茶政變遷、貿(mào)易興起、出口擴(kuò)張5個(gè)方面;但是隨著政局動(dòng)蕩、外茶沖擊、自身墨守陳規(guī)以及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)上種種不利因素的影響,而逐漸走向衰落,主要表現(xiàn)在茶號(hào)衰落、茶園面積和貿(mào)易量下滑2個(gè)方面。
關(guān)鍵詞:羊樓洞;茶業(yè);盛衰;表象;原因
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S571.1(635YLD)文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2011)16-3321-04
Analysis on the Phenomena and Causation of Prosperity and Decline of Yangloudong Tea Industry in History
DI Ying-jie,CHEN Yu-qiong,NI De-jiang
(College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agiculture University, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract: Yangloudong tea industry originated in Tang Dynasty, developed well since Song Dynasty, reached its peak in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic, then gradually declined. The unique natural environment and geographical superiority provided a material base for the development of the local tea industry. With the overall rise of tea drinking and the influence of religion, market demands for tea increased strongly and the tea industry in Yangloudong grew vigorously. The prosperity could be seen from the expansion of tea area, development of famous tea, change of tea policy, rise of tea trade and expansion of exportation. However, unfavorable factors including political turmoil, impact of foreign tea, shortcomings of its own as well as the disadvantage in competition led to the gradual decline of Yangloudong tea industry whch was mainly showed in the fading of the tea business and glide of tea garden areas and export volume.
Key words: Yangloudong; tea industry; prosperity and decline; phenomena; causation
作為近代中國(guó)重要的茶葉原料供應(yīng)和加工集散中心,羊樓洞茶區(qū)影響著漢口和九江兩大茶市的發(fā)展,因此其發(fā)展史的研究對(duì)于探討近代中國(guó)茶葉史有著重要的意義。目前已有的研究中,主要側(cè)重于羊樓洞茶區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)史[1,2]、茶文化的形成[3]等方面,關(guān)于羊樓洞茶業(yè)歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程尤其是盛衰表象和原因的研究較少。筆者通過(guò)查閱歷史文獻(xiàn),對(duì)羊樓洞茶業(yè)起于唐、盛于宋,清末民初達(dá)到鼎盛,而于20世紀(jì)30年代走向衰落的歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)進(jìn)行了詳盡的展述,并從客觀的角度全面分析了羊樓洞茶業(yè)盛衰的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、宗教、科技等諸方面的影響原因,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1羊樓洞茶業(yè)興盛表象及其原因
1.1興盛表象
1.1.1從茶區(qū)擴(kuò)大看羊樓洞茶區(qū)的發(fā)展繁榮唐代陸羽《茶經(jīng)·茶之出》[4]將當(dāng)時(shí)全國(guó)分為8大茶區(qū)44個(gè)產(chǎn)茶州郡,其中湖北占3區(qū)6州,羊樓洞茶區(qū)作為一個(gè)重要產(chǎn)茶地,已經(jīng)蜚聲茶界,其所產(chǎn)“大茶黑色如韭葉,極軟,治頭痛”[4]。……