


摘要:在2009年8月23日至9月19日期間設定6個播種期,主要研究了秋馬鈴薯的出苗率、商品率和產量情況。結果表明,以8月23日播種的平均單薯重和商品率最高,以8月26日播種的出苗率和產量最高,而后隨著播種期的推遲,產量和商品薯率均表現出遞減趨勢,且播種期愈晚,減產的幅度越大。在9月1日以后播種,時間每推遲1周,產量都會下降10%以上。因此8月下旬后期至9月初為湖北省秋馬鈴薯的最佳播種時期。
關鍵詞:秋馬鈴薯;播種期;出苗率;商品率;產量
中圖分類號:S532.042 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)16-3266-03
Study on Seedtime of Autumn Potato in Hubei Province
YU Wen-chang1,YU Gui-xian2,LIU Ke-rong1,CHEN Zhen-hua1,LI Zu-chun1,LEI Chang-yun2
(1. Yichang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yichang 443000,Hubei, China;
2. Hubei Agricultural Technology Extension General Station, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract: Six seeding dates were set during the period from 23rd Aug to 19th sept to study the effect of seedtime on the seedling rate, commodity rate and yield of autumn potato. The results showed that the average single tuber weight and commodity rate topped if seeded in 23rd Aug; while the seedling rate and yield reached the peak when sown in 26th Aug, whereafter, the yield and commodity rate decreased according to the seedtime. The later the seedtime, the greater the decreasing rate. If seed after 1st Sept, the yield would decrease by more than 10% when the seedtime was postponed by week each time. Therefore, the best seedtime of autumn polato in Hubei province was from late August to early September.
Key words: autumn potato; seedtime; seeding rate; commercial rate; yield
秋馬鈴薯因其生育期短和效益高而廣受農民歡迎,近年來湖北省通過在平原丘陵的中稻產區推廣稻田免耕栽培技術和在低山河谷地帶進行壟作栽培來發展秋馬鈴薯,使全省秋馬鈴薯面積達到了3.3萬hm2以上[1]。但是湖北省秋馬鈴薯生產往往面臨著前期高溫、后期早霜的威脅,播種過早的高溫高濕爛種缺苗嚴重、播種過遲的低溫早霜來臨之時薯塊還沒完全膨大成熟,兩者都嚴重影響著馬鈴薯的產量和種植效益[2]。隨著近年來極端氣候事件的不斷出現[3],適期播種在湖北省秋馬鈴薯生產中顯得十分重要。為了有效規避秋馬鈴薯的生產風險,湖北省宜昌市農業技術推廣中心于2009年8~12月在枝江市開展了稻田免耕秋馬鈴薯的不同播種期試驗,旨在探求湖北省秋馬鈴薯生產的最佳播期,以期為大面積安全生產提供科學依據。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
試驗設在枝江市安福寺鎮桑樹河村曾祥華的中稻田,土壤類型為白散泥土。……