淺談現在分詞作狀語的基本用法

摘 要：現在分詞作狀語在短文閱讀中是頻繁出現的常見結構，對于這種語法現象的掌握熟練程度直接關系到學生對文章理解的力度。本文探討了現在分詞作狀語的基本用法。

關鍵詞：高中英語；現在分詞；狀語

中國分類號：G427 文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1992-7711（2010）4-089 -01

現在分詞作狀語時，主句的主語就是現在分詞的邏輯上的主語。它通常表示主語正在進行的另一個動作，來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或是陪襯。

一、現在分詞作時間狀語。

1. Hearing the sound，many people came running to see what had happened. =As/When they heard the sound， many people came running to see what had happened. 聽到了聲音，許多人跑出來看發生了什么事。

2. Hearing the news， they all jumped with joy. = When they heard the news， they all jumped with joy. 聽到了聲音，他們都高興地跳了起來。

二、現在分詞作原因狀語 (注意它位置的靈活性)。

1. Being sick， I stayed at home. = Because I was sick， I stayed at home. 我因病待在家中。

2. At last， being tired of waiting， we started off without him. =At last， as we were tired of waiting， we started off without him. 等得不耐煩了，最后，我們沒帶他就出發了。

三、現在分詞作方式狀語：劃線部分可以用how來提問。

1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily pointing to the notice. “你看不見嗎？” 瑪麗指著通知生氣地說。

2. He came running towards us. 他跑著到我們這邊來。

四、現在分詞作伴隨狀語: 所表達的動作或狀態是伴隨著句子謂語動詞的動作而發生或存在的。 含伴隨狀語的句子大都可以改為并列句。

1. He sent me an e-mail， hoping to get further information. 他給我發了一個郵件，希望得到更多的信息。

2. They went out of the hall， talking and laughing. 他們出了大廳，又說又笑。

注意：有時現在分詞作方式狀語或作伴隨狀語區別不大明顯，因而很難區分。

五、現在分詞作目的狀語。

1. The six blind men stood there begging for a meal. 那六位盲人站在那里來乞討一頓飯。

2. One day a middle-aged woman wrote to a doctor inviting him to have dinner at her house. 一天，一位中年婦女寫信給一位醫生來邀請他到她家吃飯。

六、現在分詞作結果狀語。

1. A lot of good land has gone， leaving only sand. 許多好地都消失了，留下的只是沙漠。

2. Her husband died ten years ago， leaving her with three children. 她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三個孩子。

七、現在分詞起補充說明的作用：相當于一個并列分句，但比分句簡潔明快。

1. My train started at six， arriving in Beijing at ten. =My train started at six， and arrived in Beijing at ten. 我的這班火車六點出發，十點到北京。

2. “We can’t get out in this weather，” said Bob， looking out of the window. “ 這種天氣我們無法外出”， Bob 看了看窗外說道。

八、現在分詞與連詞。

分詞作狀語時，只能根據邏輯關系而不是根據語法特征來判斷它是時間狀語，條件狀語或是讓步狀語等等。因此有時會碰到很難判斷其歸屬的情況。但如果在分詞前加上when， while， since， if， once， though， unless等連詞，就會很清楚地表明狀語的性質。對于這種結構，我們也可以作另外的解釋：它是省略了主語和助動詞的某種狀語從句。

1. While trying to open the can， I cut my hand. =While I was trying to open the can， I cut my hand. 在試圖打開罐頭時，我劃破了手。

2. Be careful when crossing the street. =Be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時要小心。

3. Since arriving here， we have made many friends. 自從來到這里，我們交了許多朋友。

九、注意事項。

現在分詞表示的動作和謂語表示的動作或狀態是同時或幾乎是同時發生的。如果分詞表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發生，就要用完成形式：

1. Having already seen the film twice， she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 因為這部電影已經看過兩次了，她不想去電影院了。

2. Having worked among the farmers for many years， he knew them very well. 由于他以前和這些農民在一起工作多年，他對他們非常了解。

3. No having received an answer， he decided to write another letter to her. 因為還沒有收到回信，他決定再給她寫一封信。