摘要:開設英語對話課的最終目的是培養學生語言交際能力。本課例圍繞這一目的,提出有針對性的學習策略訓練,將任務型教學法和聽說教學法有機結合,講究語言環境的創設,重視交際策略的運用,以提高學生的交際能力。
關鍵詞:課例研究;英語對話課;學習策略
研究主題:高職英語對話課學習策略訓練。
教學內容:全國英語等級考試標準教程第二級《Unit 26Hotels》。
教學年級:高職三年級。
執教教師:陳錫
研究教師:趙旦、楊梅青、朱怡、陳燁、劉培霞、劉德云、陳冶彬
指導教師:楊梅青 無錫市衛生高等職業技術學校英語教研室主任。
背景:英語新課程標準倡導知識與技能、過程與方法、情感態度與價值觀三位一體的教學理念和任務型教學,要求課堂教學活動化與交際化。這是高職英語課改面臨的新課題,對高職英語教學提出了全新的要求。為了更好地在高職英語課堂教學中貫徹落實英語新課標,用科學的態度審視英語課堂教學,加大課改的力度,優化英語課堂教學,促進高職英語教學質量的提高,學校決定由我牽頭上課,抽調趙旦、楊梅青、朱怡、陳燁、劉培霞、劉德云、陳冶彬等有經驗的英語教師參與課例研究。
一、 原始課例
經過研究教師和執教教師的共同商討,本課時上的是全國英語等級考試標準教程第二級《Unit 26Hotels》Dialogue1部分,屬于“對話課”。學生要學習并掌握在預定賓館時有關的單詞和交際用語,并通過一系列的課堂活動,創造語境,讓學生把單詞和交際用語運用于對話中,在實際生活中能夠順利完成預定賓館的任務。
Teaching procedures (教學步驟)
Step One: Lead-in
TaskShow students a question via PPT
T: If you pay a visit to another city, where will you stay? What are the advantages and disadvantages? Give the students 3 minutes to have a free talk then ask some students to speak out their ideas.
Step Two: New words and some related information
Task oneIntroduce the new words of Dialogue 1
① peace
② book/order/reserve → n. reservation
③surname/family name/last namegiven name/first name
④ twin
Task twoMatch Work: How to distinguish different types of rooms?
Show students some pictures of different rooms via PPT
Present different room types: single room, double room, triple room, standard room, suite, garden view room, sea view room, lake view room.
T: Can you match these different rooms with the pictures? Ask some students to do the match work.
Step Three: Dialogue 1
Task onePresent the scene of Dialogue 1 via PPT
T: Can you guess what happened in the dialogue?
S: Ted Williams is booking a hotel room by phone.
Task twoListening and blank-
filling
Listen to the record and fill in the reservation form.
Some necessary information you should offer:
Name: Ted Williams
When: tonight
How many nights: one
Room type: a single room
Some information you should know:
Room type: a double room
The price: ¥360
The time to check in: before 10:00
Transport: an airport bus
Task threeIntroduce some important language points
①make a reservation
②solid
e.g. The stores are packed solid at this time of year.
Step Four: Consolidation and Extension
Task onePresent Supplementary Dialogues
Play two videos of hotel reservation. While watching the videos, ask the students to pay attention to some useful phrases and sentences. Then present some useful sentences in the videos.
Task twoPair work: Role play — make a reservation
According to the provided information, make a similar dialogue about the hotel reservation in pairs.
西郊賓館單人間標準間套房
¥180 ¥215 ¥386
湖濱飯店標準間套房 湖景房
¥488 ¥765¥810
白鷺酒店標準間雙人間海景房
¥398¥498¥780
Ask some pairs to act out.
Step Five: Homework
TaskPractice the dialogue
二、 反思
使用原始課例上課后,參與研究的教師認真聽課并詳細記錄。她們對這一“對話課”課型予以肯定,同時也提出很多修改性意見,摘錄如下。
(1)優點。①本課的教學設計遵循了“真實任務型教學”的理念,恰當的對話任務的設計確立了學生在任務型教學中的主體地位。將學習與學生的實際生活結合起來,讓學生感到學習英語的實用性。②體現了“教師為主導,學生為主體”的教學原則。引導學生聯系本課的話題,通過挖掘話題所反映的生活實際和背景知識來充實和深化對話課,充分發揮了學生的想象力并積極采用激勵、指導、反饋等評價功能。③通過一些小組討論和角色扮演活動,激發了學生充分地參與語言實踐活動的動機,使之掌握本課主要內容,并運用所學語言進行模擬交際,促進了知識向能力的轉化,同時又利用聽說教學法,結合本課話題,發展了他們聽、說的能力。
(2)不足。①Lead-in 直接問題導入比較突兀,可以承接上一單元的話題來設計開場白,使單元間自然過渡。導入的任務對學生可能太難,不如直接通過PPT播放三種住宿方式的圖片,啟發學生說出對應的英文表達方式,然后討論說出這三種方式的優點和缺點。②Step 4時間太過倉促,考慮到學生的基礎和吸收能力,可以刪去一個視頻,來增加后面學生準備和表演的時間。③在放視頻的過程中,可以適當停頓,突出交際用語,引導學生模仿記憶,使學生掌握更多的預定賓館的用語。④放完視頻后,不需要把視頻中的交際用語都列出來,可以把對話中要用到的重點用語列出來,強化學生的記憶。
三、 改進課例
在原始課例基礎上,根據改進意見,進一步設計課堂教學過程。
Teaching procedures (教學步驟)
Step One: Lead-in
TaskShow students a question via PPT
T: In the last unit, we talked about sightseeing and travel plans. You know, while making travel plans, there are many things you should think about, for example, accommodations. So if you pay a visit to another city, where will you stay? I’ll give you some clues. (Play the pictures via PPT)
Ss: Go camping, rent a house or villa, and stay at hotel.
T: Yes, very good! What are the advantages and disadvantages?
Give the students 3 minutes to have a free talk then ask some students to speak out their ideas.
S1: Camping is very romantic and cheap, but it’s in bad condition, such as mosquitoes and insects.
S2: Renting a house or villa is big and free, but it’s expensive and you should do everything yourself.
S3: Staying at hotel is convenient and comfortable.
T: Great! In general, I think most people will choose hotel to stay at. However, do you know how to make a reservation? Today, we’ll focus on this part.
Step Two: New words and some related information
Task one Introduce the new words of Dialogue 1
① peace
② book/order/reserve → n. reservation
③ surname/family name/last name
given name/first name
④ twin
Task two Match Work: How to distinguish different types of rooms?
Show students some pictures of different rooms via PPT
Present different room types: single room, double room, triple room, standard room, suite, garden view room, sea view room, lake view room.
T: Can you match these different rooms with the pictures?
Ask some students to do the match work.
Step Three: Dialogue 1
Task onePresent the scene of Dialogue 1 via PPT
T: Can you guess what happened in the dialogue?
S: Ted Williams is booking a hotel room by phone.
Task twoListening and blank-filling
Listen to the record and fill in the reservation form.
Some necessary information you should offer:
Name: Ted Williams
When: tonight
How many nights: one
Room type: a single room
Some information you should know:
Room type: a double room
The price: ¥360
The time to check in: before 10:00
Transport: an airport bus
Task threeIntroduce some important language points
①make a reservation
②solid
e.g. The stores are packed solid at this time of year.
Step Four: Consolidation and Extension
Task onePresent a Supplementary Dialogue
Play one more video of hotel reservation. While watching the video, ask the students to pay attention to some useful phrases and sentences. Then present some useful sentences in the dialogues.
* This is room reservations. May I help you?
* I’d like to reserve a … room.
* What kind of room would you prefer?
* For which date?/ For how many nights?
*Your room is reserved. Please check in before …
* Sorry, we’re booked solid.
* Thanks for calling. Goodbye.
Task twoPair work: Role play — make a reservation
According to the provided information, make a similar dialogue about the hotel reservation in pairs.
西郊賓館單人間標準間套房
¥180¥215¥386
湖濱飯店標準間 套房湖景房
¥488¥765¥810
白鷺酒店標準間雙人間海景房
¥398 ¥498¥780
Ask some pairs to act out.
Step Five: Homework
TaskPractice the dialogue
四、 再生課例的反思
經過全組教師共同努力,一個比較成功的課例誕生了。在研究教師的共同參與下,再一次實施課堂教學。學生主動參與進來,舉手發言,爭先恐后,課堂氣氛極為活躍。
(1)優點。①合理運用聽說教學法。威尼茨(Winitz)和里滋(Reeds)認為:“大量事實說明,兒童學說話的過程是先聽懂,然后說話。”所以,“聽”應該開始于“說”之前。“聽”是一個語言輸入和語言儲備的過程。學生通過聽,大量地接觸英語語言后,便可進行口語能力的訓練。此時,學生不是被迫說話,而是因為他們已有一定量的語言儲備,開口說話表達思想,進行語言交際是他們的愿望,也是聽的必然結果。因此,在Step three和Step four中,通過相關的listening and blank-filling 和 watching video使學生做好了充分的語言儲備,增強了學生的自信心。②給予了學生足夠的操練時間,以保證學生在掌握一定的語言知識和信息后,就課堂中所提供的適量補充性材料(詞語、句型、對話等),經過思維,在原有知識及語言的基礎上對所獲得的內容和語言進行加工和重組,并賦予新的內容,然后輸出。通過這樣的練習,學生就可以把對話課應掌握的語言知識和信息內化為自己的言語技能,從而提高運用英語進行交際的能力。③運用現代多媒體教學創造了聽自然語言的機會,因而保證了教學的語言質量,激起了學生學習的積極性。④根據學生的特點和課堂的時間限制,對教材進行了取舍和處理,打破了傳統教學中對教材100%的忠誠。
(2)不足。①在設計各項任務時,應該多提攜參與積極性較差的學生(有一部分學生始終沒有主動舉過手)。在role play時,可以以大組為單位,讓每個大組選派一對上來表演。并且可以設置一些獎勵,來激發學生的興趣。②反饋不足,確有助益的反饋不是僅僅給出正確答案,而是指出對話中存在的錯誤以及采取哪些信息與訓練使學習者如何在將來避免犯同樣的錯誤。
五、 啟示
對話課是英語教學的重要組成部分,但要上好對話課卻很不容易。在平時教學中,一些教師把對話課上成了閱讀課,過分重視語言形式而輕視語言功能,忽視了對學生實際運用英語能力的培養。因此,對學習者進行適當的策略訓練應該是對話課堂必不可少的內容之一。我們應力求使教學過程交際化,以培養學生用外語交際的真本領。為了更好地上好對話課,培養學生的交際運用能力,我們嘗試在對話課教學中逐步確立以培養學生交際能力為目標,以學生為主體,以交際功能和任務為主線,結合相應的語言結構和語言技能的任務型教學基本模式。教師圍繞特定的交際目的和語言項目,設計出可操作性強的、任務化的教學活動,學生通過多種語言活動完成任務,始終處于一種積極的、主動的學習心理狀態,達到學習語言和掌握語言的目的。總之,在今后的時間里,如何運用先進的教學法,如何利用現有的語音設備和多媒體,組織好對話課堂教學,仍然是我們不斷探討的目標。
(無錫衛生高等職業技術學校)