“環境問題”寫作三步走

環境問題越來越多地出現在高考英語的書面表達題中，比如2010年高考英語福建卷書面表達題的主題即為“水資源短缺”。要寫好關于環境的話題作文，在平時的寫作訓練中，可以注意以下兩方面的積累。

一、了解環境問題的熱點話題

各類媒體都有不少對環境問題的報道，多聽多看這些報道，記錄熱點話題，既能積累寫作材料，又能熟悉一些專有名詞和固定搭配，比如:world population explosion世界人口爆炸，preserve natural resources保護自然資源，water pollution and air pollution水污染和空氣污染，energy-saving society節約型社會，climate change氣候變化，environment protection環境保護，global shortage of water全球水資源短缺，等等。

二、了解環境問題話題作文的體裁，積累寫作內容

一般來說，有關環境的話題作文多為議論文，寫作時可采用“三步式”搭建文章結構:首先，提出問題或危害;其次，分析問題產生的原因;最后，闡述個人的觀點或解決方法。

下面就讓我們看看在“三步式”的結構中，具體有哪些內容可以寫作。

(1) 環境問題的表現和危害

氣候變暖:The global climate is becoming warmer and warmer. It makes the ice melt， which causes coastal cities to be flooded.

水資源污染:The waste from chemical factories makes rivers and lakes dirty， and the amount of water that is suitable for us to drink is becoming scarcer.

酸雨現象:Chemicals in the smoke from power stations travel hundreds of miles in the wind before falling to the ground in the rain. The “chemical rain” gradually destroys trees and buildings.

綠化減少:In the city， the grassland is replaced by tall buildings. In the wild， the wasteland takes the place of green forests.

野生動物瀕臨滅絕:Nowadays， many wild animals have no place to survive， and they are facing the danger of extinction.

(2) 產生原因

資源消耗:With the increasing world population，people need more resources and energy such as food， space， water， coal， oil and so on. Some of them are limited or non-renewable.

亂排亂放:Factories along the river always pour their waste water and rubbish straight into the river， which causes water pollution. Factories， power stations and cars in the city give off huge amounts of waste gas into the air， leading to air pollution.

濫砍濫伐:People cut down trees freely to increase the output of disposable tableware and paper napkins.

濫捕濫殺:People kill wild animals just for their fur， meat or teeth.

(3) 解決方法

從政府角度看:

Make stricter laws to protect the environment.

Close the factories which give off too much pollution or consume too much energy.

Strengthen efforts to promote the awareness of environmental protection.

從個人角度看:

We should live a low-carbon life.

When we go out， it’s best to ride a bike or take a bus.

Remember to turn off the lights when we leave the classroom and turn off the tap when we’re not using it.

Cut use ofdisposable tableware as much as we can.

Try to use a handkerchief instead ofpaper napkins.

In our free time， collect empty bottles and waste paper for recycling.

現在，假設你本月底將前往澳大利亞參加主題為“Water for Life”的高中生交流活動，那么根據下圖提示和以上語言積累，寫一篇發言稿應該不是太困難的事情了。

寫作時，文章格式首先要符合發言稿的形式，開頭要向觀眾作自我介紹并說明演講主題: Ladies and gentlemen， Good morning. I’m ××× from China. It’s my great honor to be here to say something about global water shortage;結尾要有致謝詞:Thank you for listening。然后根據圖片提示選擇合適的內容進行表達，可以先……