日本禮儀小貼士

這篇摘自《孤獨星球》雜志的文章中，我們將給你介紹一些日本最基礎的禮儀貼士，讓你的日本本土朋友們都佩服你對日本文化的了解。

吃飯的禮儀

* 筷子

不要把你的筷子豎直地插入到你盛滿米飯的碗中，因為在佛教禮儀里，把筷子插入米飯即表示這碗飯是用來祭拜死人的。類似的，吃飯時也不要用筷子傳遞食物，這也是一種葬禮習俗。

* 禮貌的表達

當你和其他人一起吃飯的時候，尤其是你作為客人時，吃飯前，你要說“我接受”，日本禮儀中類似于飯前禱告的一種行為。同樣，吃完后為了感謝主人，你應該說“真是一頓美餐啊!”

* 干杯

日本禮儀中自己給自己倒酒是很不禮貌的舉止。你應該先給坐在你身邊的人倒酒，然后等待他們來給你倒。當別人給你倒酒的時候，把酒杯端起來稍微離開桌面。當每個人的酒杯都倒滿的時候，一般大家會齊聲說“干杯”。

* 吃飯聲

當你在日本吃面條的時候，非常大聲地吃是一種完美的吃法。事實上，在日本尋找雞蛋面館的最好方法就是站到街上聽，從哪里傳來吃面條的聲音。

鞋的禮儀

* 當你到朋友家做客或者去到任何有榻榻米地板的地方時，一定要記得把鞋子脫掉。有時主人會給你提供拖鞋，但請注意進入衛生間前一定要換上專用的拖鞋。

買單的禮儀

* 在商店里，不要用手直接把錢遞給收銀員，而是要將錢放到收銀抽屜旁邊的小托盤中。

拜訪神殿的禮儀

* 到神殿拜訪最容易犯禮儀性的錯誤。當你跨過神殿大門時，你會看到一個水槽，里面放滿了水，還有一只長柄勺。你要拿起長勺，舀滿水，沖到另外一只手上，然后換只手拿勺，重復同樣的動作。最后，把水倒入手心，用手心的水漱口，再將水吐到地上。

公共浴室洗澡的禮儀

* 在日本泡溫泉或者到公共澡堂洗澡也別有一番風味。男女要分開到不同地方進行洗浴，更衣室會有籃子和儲物柜保存衣服和浴巾。帶著毛巾和你的梳妝用品到洗浴區，那里通常會供應洗發水和香皂。每堵墻前面會有一排水龍頭，找一個空的水龍頭，盡情地搓澡吧。

* 確定自己的身體洗干凈后，再用清水徹底地沖一遍，這時你就可以到澡堂的其他地方逛逛了，比如公共浴池。公共浴池是供大家泡澡的，絕不能帶著肥皂進入，更別提身體上的污垢了。

* 溫泉洗浴和公共浴室有各種溫度條件，例如冷水池浴、桑拿浴、電熱浴。另外，如果有室外溫泉，千萬不要錯過。沒有什么比在寧靜的夜晚，耳邊縈繞著流水的聲音，一邊泡澡，一邊凝望夜空更愜意的事情了!

How to Eat Politely in Japan

(and Other Etiquette Tips)

If you’re visiting Japan soon – and the end of August is a great time， with autumn leaves starting to change colour – there are some things you should know first. In this extract from Lonely Planet Magazine， we give you some starting tips for impressing the locals with your cultural know-how.

Eating:

* Chopsticks in rice. Do not stick your hashi (chopsticks) upright in a bowl of rice. This is how rice is offered to the dead in Buddhist rituals. Similarly， do not pass food from your chopsticks to someone else’s. This is another funeral ritual.

* Polite expressions. When eating with other people， especially when you’re a guest， it is polite to say ‘itadakimasu’ (literally， ‘I will receive’) before digging in. This is as close as the Japanese come to saying grace. Similarly， at the end of the meal， you should thank your host by saying ‘gochiso-sama deshita’， which means ‘It was a real feast’.

* Kampai. It is bad form to fill your own glass. You should fill the glass of the person next to you and wait for them to reciprocate. Raise your glass a little off the table while it is being filled. Once everyone’s glass has been filled， the usual starting signal is a chorus of ‘kampai’， which means ‘cheers!’

* Slurp. When you eat noodles in Japan， it’s perfectly OK， even expected， to slurp them. In fact， one of the best ways to find ramen (egg noodle) restaurants in Japan is to listen for the loud slurping sound that comes out of them.

Shoes:

Take your shoes off when entering a private home or anywhere with a tatami floor. Sometimes slippers are provided， with a separate set for the toilet.

Making a payment:

In a shop， instead of handing cash to the assistant， place your money on the small tray they keep next to the till.

Visiting a shrine:

Entering a shrine can be a bewildering experience. Just past the gate you’ll find a chozuya (trough of water) with a hishaku (long-handed ladle) to purify yourself. Take a ladle， fill it with water， pour some over one hand， then transfer the spoon and pour water over the other hand. Finally， pour water into your cupped hand and rinse your mouth， spitting the water onto the ground.

Public baths:

Bathing at an onsen (hot spring) or sento (public bath) is a quintessentially Japanese experience. Baths are separated by gender， and the changing room will have baskets or lockers for storing clothes and a bath towel. Bring a washcloth and toiletries with you into the bathing area (soap and shampoo are often provided). There will be a row of taps along one wall. Find an empty spot and scrub yourself down.

Once you’re clean， rinse completely before going anywhere near the baths. The communal baths are meant for soaking and shouldn’t be adulterated? by soap， or – shock horror – dirt.

Onsen or sento may have a variety of baths with varying temperatures， cold pools， saunas or even an electric bath. If there’s a rotenburo (outdoor bath)， you should give it a try. There’s nothing more satisfying than soaking in the open air with steam curling around your ears as you contemplate the night sky.

[譯自澳大利亞《孤獨星球》]