非謂語動詞

一、考點分析

非謂語動詞在語法填空中，每年必考，且每年一個小題，但四年來，只涉及到非謂語動詞的兩種用法。

1. 作狀語。

(2010年廣東卷)He spit it out， 37 (say) it was awful.

[答案]saying

[解析]因句中已有謂語spit，此處又沒有連詞，say不是并列謂語，而是非謂語動詞;又因he與say是主動關系，故用現在分詞作伴隨狀語。

(2009年廣東卷)She wished that he was as easy

32 (please) as her mother， who was always delighted with perfume.

[答案] to please

[解析]句中已有謂語was easy，please應為非謂語動詞;因在形容詞后作狀語，只能用動詞不定式，故填to please。

(2008年廣東卷)For example， the proverb， “plucking up a crop32 (help) it grow”， is based on the following story. (2008)

[答案]to help

[解析]作目的狀語，用動詞不定式。

2. 作賓補。

(2007年廣東卷)Finally， I accepted the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room，

[答案]settled

[解析]由settle sb. into/in/on ... (使某人舒服地處于某處)可知，me與settle是被動關系，要用過去分詞作賓補。又如:A nurse settled the old man into a chair.護士讓那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。

雖然只考查了非謂語動詞作狀語和作賓語補足語，但復習時，非謂語動詞作定語、作主語和作賓語也不可忽視。

二、真題演練

用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting (discover). (2010江西卷)

2. We were astonished (find) the temple still in its original condition. (2010遼寧卷)

3. With Father’s Day around the corner， I have taken some money out of the bank (buy) presents for my dad. (2010全國卷I)

4. His first book (publish) next month is based on a true story. (2010陜西卷)

5. I have a lot of readings (complete) before the end of this term. (2010山東卷)

6. Many buildings in the city need repairing， but the one first is the library. (2010重慶卷)

7. (approach) the city center， we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010上海卷)

8. In many people’s opinion， that company， though relatively small， is pleasant (deal)with. (2010四川卷)

9. That is the only way we can imagine

(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. (2010上海卷)

10. I had great difficulty (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. (2010上海卷)

11. I’m calling to enquire about the position

(advertise) in yesterday’s China Daily. (2010北京卷)

12. So far nobody has claimed the money (discover) in the library. (2010湖南卷)

13. Alexander tried to get his work (recognize) in the medical circles. (2010遼寧卷)

14. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps (borrow) from the library. (2010全國卷I)

15. Though (surprise) to see us， the professor gave us a warm welcome. (2010全國卷II)

16. (see) from the top of the tower， the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. (2010陜西卷)

17. The living room is clean and tidy， with a dining table already (lay) for a meal to be cooked. (2010山東卷)

18. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise， if (carry) out regularly， can improve our health. (2010浙江卷)

19. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano. (2010四川卷)

20. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues (amuse) with her stories. (2010上海卷)

21. He had a wonderful childhood，(travel) with his mother to all corners of the world. (2010安徽卷)

22.(look) at my classmates’faces， I read the same excitement in their eyes. (2010北京卷)

23. Listen! Do you hear someone(call) for help? (2010湖南卷)

24. It rained heavily in the south， (cause) serious flooding in several provinces. (2010天津卷)

25. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and(weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (2010浙江卷)

答案與解析

1. to be discovered。動詞wait后習慣上接不定式;另外，actors與discover之間為被動關系，即“等著被發現”，故用不定式的被動式。

2. to find。be astonished后要接不定式表示原因。

3. to buy。“給父親買禮物”是“從銀行拿錢出來”的目的，作目的狀語，用動詞不定式。

4. to be published。根據句中的next month可知是將出版，故要用不定式;又因為book與publish之間為被動關系，故要用不定式的被動式。

5. to complete。表示有事要做，用“have+賓語+不定式”結構，其中的不定式用作定語，修飾其前的名詞。

6. to be repaired。表示首先要修理的那座建筑物，即表示未來，用動詞不定式;又the one與repair是被動關系，故用不定式的被動式。

7. Approaching。因we與approach是主動關系，所以用現在分詞短語作狀語。

8. to deal。在形容詞easy， hard， difficult， pleasant等后作狀語，用動詞不定式，且習慣上要用主動形式表示被動含義。

9. to reduce。不定式在此用作定語，修飾the only way。其實，the only way還有兩個定語，一個是we can imagine，另一個是to reduce the overuse of water...。

10. finding。have difficulty (in) doing sth 為固定句式，其意為“做某事有困難”。

11. advertised。由于position(職位)與 advertise(登廣告)之間為被動關系，且廣告昨天已經刊發了，故用過去分詞作定語。

12. discovered。由于money與discover之間為被動關系，由句意可知，錢“已經”被發現，故用過去分詞作定語。

13. recognized。考查“get+賓語+過去分詞”結構。其中的“賓語”與其后的“過去分詞”之間為被動關系。

14. borrowed。因maps與borrow之間為被動關系;再根據句意，地圖是“已經”借來了，所以用過去分詞作定語。

15. surprised。因the professor與surprise是被動關系，故用“連詞+過去分詞”作狀語。

16. Seen。由于the south foot與see之間為被動關系，故要選過去分詞作狀語。

17. laid。短語lay a table的意思是“擺桌子”，因句中的table與動詞lay之間為被動關系，所以用過去分詞作定語。

18. carried。由于exercise(鍛煉)與carry out(進行，執行)之間為被動關系，故用“連詞+過去分詞”作狀語，if carried out regularly相當于if it is carried out regularly。

19. questioned。由于students與question(提問，詢問)之間為被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語。

20. amused。意思是Lucy讓他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作賓補(相當于形容詞作賓補)，故填amused。

21. traveling。因he與travel是主動關系，故用現在分詞短語traveling with his mother ... 作狀語。

22. Looking。因I與look是主動關系，所以用現在分詞作狀語。

23. calling。由listen可知，動作正在進行，表示“聽見某人在做某事”，用hear sb doing sth句型。

24. causing。“引起嚴重水災”是“下大雨”的自然結果，作結果狀語，用現在分詞作狀語。causing ... 與which caused ... 相當。

25. weighing。因young children與weigh是主動關系，故用現在分詞作定語。句中介詞短語under ... 和現在分詞短語weighing ... 一起作定語，修飾young children。