陳曉燕 王衛星 丁佑銘 殷濤 阿布力克木·阿布力孜
·論著·
花姜酮對胰腺癌PANC1細胞株增殖和凋亡的影響
陳曉燕 王衛星 丁佑銘 殷濤 阿布力克木·阿布力孜
目的探討花姜酮對胰腺癌PANC1細胞增殖和凋亡的影響,探討其作用機制。方法應用3.75、7.5、15、30、60 μg/ml的花姜酮處理PANC1細胞,以未處理細胞作為對照。CCK-8法檢測細胞增殖抑制率,Hoechst33342染色觀察細胞形態,流式細胞術檢測細胞凋亡率,Western blotting法檢測細胞磷酸化STAT1(p-STAT1)、Bax和Bcl-2蛋白的表達。結果花姜酮呈時間-劑量依賴性抑制PANC1細胞的生長,15 μg/ml花姜酮作用48 h后,細胞增殖抑制率達(72.8±2.72)%,并可觀察到典型的細胞凋亡形態學改變,細胞凋亡率達14.2%;同時,PANC1細胞p-STAT1和Bax蛋白表達明顯增加(0.654±0.048對0.074±0.011,0.577±0.044對0.218±0.027,P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表達明顯下降(0.162±0.029 對 0.459±0.034,P<0.05)。結論花姜酮可能通過上調STAT1活性,升高Bax/Bcl-2比率,從而誘導PANC1細胞的凋亡和抑制細胞增殖。
胰腺腫瘤; 轉錄激活因子1; 花姜酮; 細胞凋亡
花姜酮是一種從球姜的根莖中分離出的倍半萜類化合物,已被證明對結腸癌、皮膚癌均具有好的化學預防作用[1]。聯合應用花姜酮和順鉑也可延緩宮頸上皮瘤樣病變向宮頸癌發展的進程[2]。新近研究發現,花姜酮參與調控胰腺癌細胞內某些信號轉導通路。信號轉導與轉錄激活因子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)信號通路是近年來發現的比較重要的信號通路,具有調控細胞生長、分化等多種生理功能。本研究觀察花姜酮對PANC1細胞的增殖、凋亡以及STAT1活性的影響,探討其可能的機制。
一、細胞培養
胰腺癌細胞系PANC1由中國科學院上海細胞生物研究所細胞庫提供。常規培養傳代。取對數生長期的PANC1細胞進行實驗。每個濃度設5個復孔,實驗重復3次。
二、CCK-8法檢測細胞增殖抑制率
CCK-8細胞計數試劑盒購自日本同仁化學公司。以每孔5×107個細胞接種于96孔板,培養24 h。換含15%胎牛血清的DMEM培養48 h。分別加入0、3.75、7.5、15、30、60 μg/ml的花姜酮繼續培養12、24、48 h,以無細胞孔作為空白對照。按說明書操作。抑制率=(空白對照A450值-實驗組A450值)/(空白對照A450值-對照組A450值)×100%。
三、Hoechst33342染色觀察細胞核形態的變化
細胞接種于24孔細胞培養板培養24 h,加入0、7.5、15 μg/ml花姜酮繼續培養48 h。吸棄半量培養液,加入Hoechst33342,終濃度為10 μg/ml,室溫避光作用10 min,棄上清培養液。于熒光倒置顯微鏡下觀察、攝片。
四、流式細胞術檢測細胞凋亡率
細胞接種于6孔板培養24 h,加入0、7.5、15 μg/ml花姜酮繼續培養48 h。收集各孔細胞,分別制成單細胞懸液,加入5 μl Annexin V-FITC和10 μl PI,室溫避光5 min,然后上流式細胞儀檢測。
五、Western blotting檢測細胞p-STAT1、 Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表達水平
分別收集0、7.5、15 μg/ml花姜酮處理48 h的細胞,提取蛋白。取100 μg常規行Western blotting,最后ECL化學發光,X線膠片曝光,凝膠成像系統掃描,以目的條帶與actin條帶灰度值的比值代表蛋白的表達水平。
六、統計學處理

一、花姜酮對PANC1細胞增殖的抑制作用
花姜酮呈濃度和時間依賴性抑制PANC1細胞的增殖 (表1)。

表1 花姜酮對PANC1細胞增殖的影響
二、花姜酮對PANC1細胞凋亡的影響
PANC1細胞核經Hoechst33258染色呈圓形,淡藍色,內有較深的藍色顆粒?;ń幚砗螅毎麛禍p少,出現較多核固縮或呈分葉狀的凋亡細胞。隨著藥物濃度的升高,凋亡細胞的數也增加(圖1)。對照組PANC1細胞凋亡率1.1%,7.5 μg/ml和15 μg/ml花姜酮處理組細胞凋亡率分別為3.9%和14.2%,三組間差異顯著(P<0.01,圖1)。

圖10(a,d)、7.5(b,e)、15(c,f) μg/ml花姜酮處理48 h后PANC1細胞的形態改變(Hoechst33258染色 ×200)及細胞凋亡率(流式細胞儀)
三、花姜酮對PANC1細胞p-STAT1、 Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表達的影響
花姜酮處理后細胞p-STAT1和Bax蛋白表達水平明顯升高;而Bcl-2蛋白表達水平明顯降低(P<0.05,表2、圖2)。

表2 各組p-STAT1、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表達
注:與對照組比較,aP<0.05;與7.5 μg/ml組比較,bP<0.05

圖2不同濃度花姜酮處理48 h后PANC1細胞p-STAT1、Bax和Bcl-2蛋白的表達(Western blotting)
花姜酮具有抗炎、抗腫瘤等多種生物活性,本研究結果也證明花姜酮能夠明顯抑制胰腺癌細胞的生長。有研究證實,花姜酮能通過抑制NF-κB及其相關基因的表達,從而起到預防和治療癌癥的作用[3]。Sakinah等[4]發現,花姜酮能夠通過調節Bax/Bcl-2比率來誘導肝癌細胞凋亡[5]。
STAT是一組能與DNA結合的蛋白質,介導多種細胞因子和生長因子向細胞核內傳導,影響靶基因的轉錄,調節人體免疫反應、炎癥反應和細胞的生長、分化等[5]。大量研究證明,通過增強或抑制STAT的活性,可影響多種癌細胞系的增殖和凋亡[6-8]。其成員STAT1在多種腫瘤組織中呈現低表達趨勢[9-10]。通過藥物刺激上調STAT1水平能起到促進胰腺癌細胞凋亡和增強癌細胞化療敏感性的作用[11-12]。本研究結果顯示,隨著花姜酮濃度的升高,發生凋亡的細胞明顯增多,同時磷酸化STAT1和Bax蛋白表達顯著增強, Bcl-2表達降低。因此我們推測,花姜酮通過激活STAT1信號轉導通路進而影響凋亡相關蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的表達,促進胰腺癌細胞凋亡。
[1] Murakami A,Tanaka T,Lee JY,et al.Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene in subtropical ginger,suppresses skin tumor initiation and promotion stages in ICR mice.Int J Cancer,2004,110:481-490.
[2] Abdul AB,Abdelwahab SI,Bin Jalinas J,et al.Combination of zerumbone and cisplatin to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in female BALB/c mice.Int J Gyn Cancer,2009,19:1004-1010.
[3] Takada Y,Murakami A,Aggarwal BB.Zerumbone abolishes NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha kinase activation leading to suppression of antiapoptotic and metastatic gene expression,upregulation of apoptosis,and downregulation of invasion.Oncogene,2005,24:6957-6969.
[4] Sakinah SA,Handayani ST,Hawariah LP.Zerumbone induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells via modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.Cancer Cell Int,2007,7:4.
[5] Darnell JE,Kerr IM,Stark GR.JAK-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracelluar signaling proteins.Science,1994,264:1415-1421.
[6] Thoennissen NH,Iwanski GB,Doan NB,et al.Cucurbitacin B induces apoptosis by inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway and potentiates antiproliferative effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells.Cancer Res,2009,69:5876-5884.
[7] Ulivi P,Arienti C,Amadori D,et al. Role of RAF/MEK/ERK pathway,p-STAT-3 and Mcl-1 in sorafenib activity in human pancreatic cancer cell lines.J Cell Physiol,2009,200:214-221.
[8] Sahu RP,Srivastava SK.The role of STAT-3 in the induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by benzyl isothiocyanate.J Natl Inst,2009,101:176-193.
[9] Xi S,Dyer KF,Kimak M,et al.Decreased STAT1 expression by promoter methylation in squamous cell carcinogenesis.J Natl Cancer Inst,2006,98:181-189.
[10] Yu H,Jove R.The STATs of cancer-new molecular targets come of age.Nat Rev Cancer,2004,4:97-105.
[11] Wang SO,Koromilas AE.Stat1 is an inhibitor of Ras-MAPK signaling and Rho small GTPase expression with implications in the transcriptional signature of Ras transformed cells.Cell Cycle,2009,8:2070-2079.
[12] Muerkoster SS,Werbing V,Koch D,et al.Role of myofibroblasts in innate chemoresistance of pancreatic carcinoma-Epigenetic downregulation of caspases.Int J Cancer,2008,123:1751-1760.
2010-03-17)
(本文編輯:屠振興)
EffectsofzerumboneontheproliferationandapoptosisofhumanpancreaticcancercelllinePANC1
CHENXiao-yan,WANGWei-xing,DINGYou-ming,YINTao,ABLIZAblikim.
DepartmentofHepatobiliaryandLaparoscopicSurgery,RenminHospital,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430060,China
WANGWei-xing,Email:sate.llite@163.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of zerumbone on the proliferation and apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 and its possible mechanism.MethodsZerumbone of various concentrations (3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 μg/ml) were used to treat PANC1, and cells without treatment were used as control. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory rate of cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis analysis was determined by using Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the phosphorylation Stat1 (p-STAT1), and Bax and Bcl2 protein expression.ResultsZerumbone caused a time- and dose-dependent reduction of cell viability in PANC1 cells. After 48h treatment of Zerumbone of 15 μg/ml, cells inhibitory rate was increased to (72.8±2.72)%, and classic apoptosis morphology was observed, with apoptosis rate was 14.2%. At the same time, p-STAT1, and Bax protein expression was significantly increased (0.654±0.048vs0.074±0.011, 0.577±0.044vs0.218±0.027,P<0.05); Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased (0.162±0.029vs0.459±0.034,P<0.05).ConclusionsZerumbone may inhibit the proliferation of PANC1 cells and inducing cell apoptosis, which may be related to the up-regulation of STAT1′s activity and Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
Pancreatic neoplasms; Activator transcription factor 1; Zerumbone; Apoptosis
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2010.06.014
430060 武漢,武漢大學人民醫院肝膽外科
王衛星,Email: sate.llite@163.com