摘 要:與MIMO-OFDM系統相比,協同OFDM(CO-OFDM)系統的優勢是適用于尺寸較小的用戶終端,劣勢是不同步的節點晶振和多普勒頻移導致系統出現多個載波頻偏(MCFO),從而在接收端形成載波間干擾(ICI)。為了消除ICI對CO-OFDM系統性能的影響,將適用于1-2-1模型的“相位跟蹤”算法推廣至1-3-1模型,并通過重新設置導頻序列和改變相位漂移計算方式,對已有的相位跟蹤算法進行改進,使運算復雜度降低,有利于在實際系統中部署。仿真結果表明,改進后的算法在較高信噪比條件下進一步提高了系統性能。關鍵詞:協同正交頻分復用; 多個載波頻偏; 載波間干擾; 相位跟蹤
中圖分類號:TN929-34文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1004-373X(2010)17-0052-05
Improved Phase Tracking Algorithm in Cooperative OFDM Systems
TANG Ting, WANG Xin, WEI Ji-bo
(College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)
Abstract: Compared to conventional MIMO-OFDM systems, the cooperative OFDM(CO-OFDM) systems have the advantage that is suitable for all kinds of user terminals with small size receivers. However, multiple carrier frequency offsets (MCFO) caused by the mismatch of the nodes' crystal oscillators or Doppler frequency shifts result in an inter-carrier interference (ICI) and decrease the performance of CO-OFDM systems significantly. In order to mitigate the ICI in CO-OFDM systems, a so-called phase-tracking algorithm applied to 1-2-1 models is directly extended to 1-3-1 models in this paper. By resetting the pilot frequency sequence and changing the computing method, an improved phase-tracking algorithm is also gave out. It cuts down the computing complexity, so can be adopted in practical systems. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm can further improve the system performance at high SNR.Keywords: CO-OFDM; MCFO; ICI; phase tracking
0 引 言
通過伙伴之間相互協作,參與協同通信的各用戶之間形成虛擬天線陣列,在實現MIMO通信系統分集功能的同時,有效降低了系統對通信終端尺寸和硬件設計實現的較高要求。然而,由于多個天線分屬具有不同本地晶振的多個用戶節點,導致節點之間存在MCFO。對于采用OFDM調制的協同通信系統而言,MCFO的存在必然破壞子載波之間的正交性,從而產生載波間干擾,導致系統性能惡化。因此,實現MCFO的精確估計和有效補償是CO-OFDM系統走向實用化的關鍵技術之一。
相比于傳統MIMO-OFDM系統的單個頻偏估計,CO-OFDM系統的中繼節點和目的節點之間MCFO的估計顯得更加復雜,實現載波間干擾的消除也更加困難。當目的節點完成MCFO的精確估計之后,文獻[1]通過一種增強的迭代最大似然檢測算法(EIMLD),先后實現對載波間干擾(ICI)和符號間干擾(ISI)的消除,算法的復雜度隨著節點數目的增加而遞增,且在硬件實現時需要在目的端設置一個容量較大的緩存器。……