摘 要:在廣播線信道上選擇合適的通信方式對(duì)保障鐵路客車發(fā)電機(jī)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定通信具有重要意義。結(jié)合廣播線信道的強(qiáng)干擾性及衰減特性,基于正交頻分復(fù)用(OFDM)通信方式,建立一個(gè)新的廣播線信道簡(jiǎn)化模型。仿真結(jié)果表明,相比傳統(tǒng)通信方式,OFDM通信應(yīng)用于廣播線通信信道上具有衰減較少,誤碼率較低的特性。
關(guān)鍵詞:廣播線; 鐵路客車; 信道; OFDM
中圖分類號(hào):TN914-34文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1004-373X(2010)17-0057-02
Broadcast Cable Channel of Railway Carriage Based on OFDM Communication
LIU Qi, HOU Li
(Information Engineering College, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245021, China)
Abstract: Selecting an appropriate communication in the broadcast cable channel is of great importance to protect a stable communication of railway carriage generator monitoring system. In combination with strong interference and attenuation characteristics of the broadcast cable channel, a new simplified model of broadcast cable channel is set up based on OFDM communication. Simulation results show that OFDM communication is used in broadcast communication cable channel with less attenuation and low error rate compared with traditional means of communication.
Keywords: broadcast cable; railway carriage; channel; OFDM
0 引 言
鐵路客車廣播線信道作為鐵路客車專用通信信道廣泛使用于發(fā)電機(jī)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)[1]。由于客車廣播線的使用環(huán)境特殊性,信號(hào)經(jīng)常會(huì)在不定的頻率范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生大輻度的非線性衰減,使其在通信信號(hào)受到嚴(yán)重的干擾,因此構(gòu)建一個(gè)通用的廣播線信道模型,并選擇合適的通信方式將對(duì)廣播線通信分析起到重要作用[2]。傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)中多采用單載波調(diào)制模式[3],但當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率提高到一定程度時(shí),碼間干擾(ISI)會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響通信質(zhì)量。本文采用的正交頻分復(fù)用(OFDM)[4]技術(shù)將有助于降低客車廣播線通信中的ISI,并整體提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)臏?zhǔn)確性[5]。
1 廣播線信道模型
廣播線信道的通信性能主要受5個(gè)因素影響:發(fā)送器輸出阻抗不匹配、信道衰耗、噪聲干擾、接收器輸入阻抗不匹配、干擾的時(shí)變性[6]。由此可以構(gòu)建廣播線信道模型,如圖1所示。
其中噪聲包括背景噪聲N(t)和脈沖噪聲M(t)。除噪聲外的所有衰耗可用頻率響應(yīng)時(shí)變線性濾波器來表征,即用Hi(f,t),Ho(f,t),Hchannel(f,t)來表征[7]。這些濾波器可并入單一的濾波器,由此構(gòu)成了信道的簡(jiǎn)化模型,如圖2所示?!?br>