摘 要:設計一種基于COMS圖像傳感器的太陽自動跟蹤控制器,上位機通過MCC實現VC++與Matlab聯合編程,實時控制圖像傳感器獲取太陽光斑圖像。經Matlab計算,得到太陽光斑質心坐標與圖像中心坐標的偏差,轉化為水平和俯仰的步進電機需調整的步數,進而實時調整平面鏡跟蹤裝置,使太陽光斑始終在圖像中心位置。實驗結果表明,該裝置實現了太陽自動跟蹤的目的,具有較高的跟蹤精度。
關鍵詞:太陽自動跟蹤; CMOS圖像傳感器; 步進電機; VC++
中圖分類號:TK513.4 文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1004-373X(2010)11-0125-04
Design and Realization of Solar Auto-tracking Controller Based on CMOS Image Sensor
DU Wei-wei,ZOU Li-xin,YOU Jin-zheng,ZHOU Tong
(Department of Physics Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China)
Abstract: A solar automatic tracking controller based on CMOS image sensor is designed. Its host computer achieves a joint programming of VC++ and Matlab based on MCC, and obtains the sun spot image by real-timely controlling the image sensor. The deviation between sun′s mass center coordinates and image center coordinates is calculated by Matlab. The calculation is converted into the steps of the level and pitch stepper motor to be adjusted. Real-time adjustment of plane mirror tracking device is achieved, so that sun spot has always being the center of the image. The experimental results show that the device automatically tracks the sun,and has high tracking accuracy.
Keywords: solar automatic tracking; CMOS image sensor; stepper motor; VC++
太陽跟蹤的方法很多,主要可以分為兩種方式,即光電跟蹤和根據視日運動軌跡跟蹤。光電跟蹤裝置優點是靈敏度高,結構設計簡單,能通過反饋消除累計誤差,具有較大的優勢。其關鍵部件是光電傳感器,常用的是光敏電阻[1]。由于光敏電阻安放位置的不連續和環境散射光的影響,系統不能連續跟蹤太陽,精度有限。因此需對光敏電阻的結構進行優化,而通過增加光敏電阻個數的方法則會造成裝置結構復雜,成本提高。通過分析,采用圖像傳感器代替了光敏電阻檢測太陽位置的變化,可以準確、快速地獲得太陽位置信息,從而提高了跟蹤精度。同時其結構簡化,成本降低。
1 系統總體設計
該系統主要由平面鏡跟蹤裝置、控制和驅動電路、方位限位電路、CMOS圖像傳感器(附巴德膜濾波片)等部分組成。系統總體設計框圖如圖1所示。
跟蹤裝置實物圖如圖2所示,圖像傳感器固定在平面鏡中心。……