摘 要:為了實現地面站天線對資源衛星等特殊用途衛星的全程無盲區跟蹤,需要解決過頂跟蹤問題。采用數學推理方法分析研究了X-Y型天線座的過頂跟蹤原理及其盲區產生機理,結合圓軌道衛星推導出X-Y型天線座的最大跟蹤角速度和跟蹤盲區及其之間的關系,完成了X-Y型天線座的過頂跟蹤分析,提出了在工作區域內避開跟蹤盲區的方法。通過工程實踐驗證,采用X-Y型天線座的過頂跟蹤方式,可實現工作區域內的無盲區跟蹤。
關鍵詞: X-Y型天線座; 過頂跟蹤; 盲區; 衛星
中圖分類號:TH12 文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1004-373X(2010)11-0021-03
Elementary Analysis on Vertex Tracking of X-Y Type Antenna Pedestal
LI Jian-rong
(The 39th Research Institute of CETC, Xi’an 710065, China)
Abstract: It is necessary to solve the technical problem of vertex tracking so as to that earth station antenna can trackresource satellite and other special purpose satellite without blind area in the whole course. The vertex tracking principle of X-Y type antenna pedestal and the mechanism of produced blind area are analyzed by mathematics reasoning methods in detail. The vertex tracking of X-Y type antenna pedestal is investigated by derived maximum tracking angle rate, tracking blind area of X-Y type antenna pedestal and its relationship through round orbit satellite. The method of tracking blind area avoidance in the working area is presented and validated by engineering practice.
Keywords: X-Y type antenna pedestal; vertex tracking; blind area; satellite
0 引 言
跟蹤地球同步衛星的地面站天線,其工作范圍一般只要求一定的扇形區域,不要求過頂跟蹤。但是對于跟蹤極軌衛星以及具有特殊用途飛行器的地面站天線系統,不僅要求下行跟蹤接收信息的時間盡可能長,而且要求飛行器經過天頂時,離地面站的距離最近,信號最強,因此常常提出過頂跟蹤的要求。為了在過頂時不丟失目標,并保證通信的正常傳輸,必須采取有效的措施,以避免衛星越過天線頂空時的通信中斷。常見的過頂跟蹤方法有:采用X-Y型天線座、極軸型天線座、三軸型天線座、傾斜軸天線座以及方位俯仰型天線座程序過頂等。
1 X-Y型天線座過頂跟蹤分析
X-Y型天線座如圖1所示。X軸和Y軸都是水平配置的,Y軸與X軸垂直,且隨X軸轉動,電軸與Y軸垂直。X-Y型天線座的每根軸均只需轉動±90°,就能覆蓋整個空域。在地面站觀測點坐標系中,衛星軌跡如圖2所示。……