摘 要:超聲波電機的運轉需要一個兩相相差90°(或可調)的高頻交流信號源。本方案采用DDS技術的設計思路,用VHDL硬件描述語言對FPGA器件編程產生了兩相四路高頻信號。該信號經過驅動隔離電路施加于H橋逆變器中,在電感的平滑作用下,生成了滿足USM測試要求的可調頻、調相、調幅的兩相高頻交流信號源,成功地對USM45電機進行了驅動測試。該電路可用于研究超聲波電機的運行狀態的研究及獲取其最佳工作點參數。
關鍵詞:超聲波電機; 現場可編程門陣列; VHDL語言; 直接數字頻率合成
中圖分類號:TP98; TM359.9 文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1004-373X(2010)14-0199-03
Design of USM Test Power Supply Based on FPGA and DDS Technologies
SUN Zhen-hua
(X i’an Aerotechnical College, Xi’an 710077, China)
Abstract: The operation of ultrasonic motors requires a high-frequency AC signal source with 90° (or adjustable) phase difference between two phases.The scheme adopts DDS technology, VHDL hardware description language and programming FPGA to produce a two-phase and four-way high-frequency signal which is imposed on the H-bridge inverter through the drive and isolation circuit to generate the two-phase high frequency AC signal source signal which can meet USM's test requirements of frequency modulation, phase modulation, amplitude modulation under the smoothing effect of inductor. The driving testing of USM-USM45 was carried out successfully. This circuit can be used to study the USM's running status and obtain its optimum operating point parameters. Four-way high-frequency signals plus can be easily applied to stepper motors and DC motor drive by imposing L298N-type drive chips. It can be applied to the frequency modulation and speed control of stepper motors by FM, and speed control of DC motors by PWM.
Keywords: USM; FPGA; VHDL language; DDS
0 引 言
超聲波電機(USM)具有能夠直接輸出低轉速大力矩,瞬態響應快(可達ms量級)、定位精度高(可達nm量級),無電磁干擾等諸多優點[1]。USM的運行需要有兩路具有一定幅值,相位上正交(或可調),頻率在20 kHz以上的高頻交流電源。驅動信號源的幅值、頻率及相位直接影響USM的性能。為便于USM的性能測試及研究,需要提供一種在幅值、頻率、相位上均可調的測試電源。以往的超聲波驅動器多采用分立器件構成如文獻[2-3],其電路結構復雜。文獻[4-5]雖然改用FPGA或CPLD生成,但所生成的信號頻率變化是不連續的。文獻[6]是用單片機和專用的DDS芯片,存在抗干擾性差,可靠性低的弊端。
本文介紹了基于DLL數字頻率直接合成技術(DDS)用ALTERA公司的FPGA器件和VHDL語言編程,按相位累加的方法產生兩相四路頻率相位可調的高頻PWM信號,經過驅動電路、光耦隔離電路作為外部功率控制電路H橋的四個閘門驅動信號,H橋主回路接入的是對市電經調壓、隔離、整流及濾波后的直流電?!?br>