農(nóng)用超聲波發(fā)生器的設(shè)計(jì)

摘 要:超聲波檢測(cè)迅速、方便、計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)單、易于做到實(shí)時(shí)控制，并且在測(cè)量精度方面能達(dá)到工農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)用的要求。超聲波發(fā)生器就是利用超聲波的這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)來對(duì)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)處理的。在此設(shè)計(jì)的農(nóng)用超聲波發(fā)生器可生成1.5~1.8 MHz頻率段的超聲波，該超聲波可用來殺滅水蚤。該超聲波發(fā)生器利用8051單片機(jī)生成2個(gè)連續(xù)信號(hào)，依次經(jīng)過驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、倍頻電路、整波電路、和頻電路、選頻電路的相關(guān)處理后從發(fā)射端口發(fā)射出去。通過對(duì)信號(hào)檢測(cè)模塊的檢測(cè)結(jié)果分析可知:發(fā)射信號(hào)能夠達(dá)到預(yù)定要求。本超聲波發(fā)生器具有成本低廉、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、操作便易、用途多樣化等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可以在農(nóng)業(yè)及其相關(guān)領(lǐng)域普及使用。

關(guān)鍵詞:超聲波發(fā)生器; 8051單片機(jī); 農(nóng)業(yè); 信號(hào)檢測(cè)模塊

中圖分類號(hào):TN98; TP217 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B

文章編號(hào):1004-373X(2010)14-0175-05

Design of Agricultural Ultrasonic Generator

QIN Yu-xia， YU Jian-ming， CHENG Yan， CUI Gen-qun

(College of Mechanical Engineering， Hebei University of Technology， Tianjin 300130， China)

Abstract:The ultrasonic wave is convenient， simple and easy to control real-timely in examination， which can reach the agriculture and industry practical requirement in the aspect of measuring accuracy. Ultrasonic generator can make a real-time processing on a target in the use of these advantages of the ultrasonic wave. The designed agricultural ultrasonic generator can generate 1.5~1.8 MHz ultrasonic wave， the ultrasound can be used to kill water fleas. The ultrasonic generator generates two consecutive signals in the use of 8051 single chip microcomputer， After the dispose of the driving circuit， frequency multiplier circuit， squaring circuit， sum frequency circuit and frequency selection circuit，the waves launch out from the launch port. After the analysis of the signal detection module， the transmit signals reach to the requirement. The ultrasonic generator has advantages of low cost， simple structure， easy operation， diversity of usage and others， it can be used widely in the agriculture and other fields.

Keywords:ultrasonic generator; 8051 single chip microcomputer; agriculture; signal detection module

自19世紀(jì)末到20世紀(jì)初，在物理學(xué)上發(fā)現(xiàn)了壓電效應(yīng)與反壓電效應(yīng)之后，人們解決了利用電子學(xué)技術(shù)產(chǎn)生超聲波的辦法，從此迅速揭開了發(fā)展與推廣超聲技術(shù)的歷史篇章。超聲波發(fā)生器的發(fā)展與工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展相伴相生，應(yīng)用十分廣泛[1-2]，本設(shè)計(jì)的超聲波發(fā)生器是利用單片機(jī)生成初始信號(hào)，然后經(jīng)過一系列處理電路[3-4]的作用后生成用來殺滅水蚤的超聲波，成本低、效果好，可以在農(nóng)業(yè)上加以采用。

在此對(duì)3個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì):

(1) 信號(hào)發(fā)生模塊。12 MHz的8051單片機(jī)硬件連接及其程序設(shè)計(jì)。

(2) 信號(hào)處理模塊。驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì)(CD4069非門集成芯片);倍頻電路設(shè)計(jì)(S9014或ECG108三極管、104普通電容、11 257.9 nH自制電感……