摘 要:超聲波檢測迅速、方便、計算簡單、易于做到實時控制,并且在測量精度方面能達到工農業實用的要求。超聲波發生器就是利用超聲波的這些優點來對目標進行實時處理的。在此設計的農用超聲波發生器可生成1.5~1.8 MHz頻率段的超聲波,該超聲波可用來殺滅水蚤。該超聲波發生器利用8051單片機生成2個連續信號,依次經過驅動電路、倍頻電路、整波電路、和頻電路、選頻電路的相關處理后從發射端口發射出去。通過對信號檢測模塊的檢測結果分析可知:發射信號能夠達到預定要求。本超聲波發生器具有成本低廉、結構簡單、操作便易、用途多樣化等諸多優點,可以在農業及其相關領域普及使用。
關鍵詞:超聲波發生器; 8051單片機; 農業; 信號檢測模塊
中圖分類號:TN98; TP217 文獻標識碼:B
文章編號:1004-373X(2010)14-0175-05
Design of Agricultural Ultrasonic Generator
QIN Yu-xia, YU Jian-ming, CHENG Yan, CUI Gen-qun
(College of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China)
Abstract:The ultrasonic wave is convenient, simple and easy to control real-timely in examination, which can reach the agriculture and industry practical requirement in the aspect of measuring accuracy. Ultrasonic generator can make a real-time processing on a target in the use of these advantages of the ultrasonic wave. The designed agricultural ultrasonic generator can generate 1.5~1.8 MHz ultrasonic wave, the ultrasound can be used to kill water fleas. The ultrasonic generator generates two consecutive signals in the use of 8051 single chip microcomputer, After the dispose of the driving circuit, frequency multiplier circuit, squaring circuit, sum frequency circuit and frequency selection circuit,the waves launch out from the launch port. After the analysis of the signal detection module, the transmit signals reach to the requirement. The ultrasonic generator has advantages of low cost, simple structure, easy operation, diversity of usage and others, it can be used widely in the agriculture and other fields.
Keywords:ultrasonic generator; 8051 single chip microcomputer; agriculture; signal detection module
自19世紀末到20世紀初,在物理學上發現了壓電效應與反壓電效應之后,人們解決了利用電子學技術產生超聲波的辦法,從此迅速揭開了發展與推廣超聲技術的歷史篇章。超聲波發生器的發展與工農業的發展相伴相生,應用十分廣泛[1-2],本設計的超聲波發生器是利用單片機生成初始信號,然后經過一系列處理電路[3-4]的作用后生成用來殺滅水蚤的超聲波,成本低、效果好,可以在農業上加以采用。
在此對3個模塊進行設計:
(1) 信號發生模塊。12 MHz的8051單片機硬件連接及其程序設計。
(2) 信號處理模塊。驅動電路設計(CD4069非門集成芯片);倍頻電路設計(S9014或ECG108三極管、104普通電容、11 257.9 nH自制電感……