理解英語課文的幾點做法

申小蘭

課文學習是一個綜合過程，不是簡單的多讀就可以的。讀課文的過程是一個由淺入深的過程，具體說來就是在句子中學單詞和短語，進而學習句子的表達以及句子與句子的關系，學習段落與段落間的關系。

一、句中學詞語

例如：課文54課句子“She decided to buy a digital TV online so that it could be sent to her.”劃線的單詞和短語是需要認真學習的，首先弄明白這些單詞和短語的意思，decide 是決心、決定；digital 是數字的；online 是在線，在網上；so that 是以便于。再弄清它們的用法，decide to do 決定去做；digital TV 是數字電視的意思，這是根據 digital camera 而得知的； online 從構詞法的角度可以輕松理解； so that 要和 so…that…區別開來。最后自己來造句：I decided to tell her what had happened that night. I have an ordinary TV, but she has a digital one. I am online, you can chat(聊天) with me. I study English every day so that I can catch up with Li Yang. 當然也可以造和原句差不多的幾個句子，把四個詞都用上：If you decide to order a digital TV online, you must have a credit card first. You must type in your credit card number so that they can send it to you. 由以上舉例說明，大家在學習課文時，每一句都應這樣學，只有這樣才能真正做到舉一反三、融會貫通。

二、弄清句子間的關系

例如：54課的“Miyoko clicked on the screen, and a form appeared for her to fill in her personal information. Her dad helped her fill in the form and typed in his credit card number.”這兩個句子聯系較為密切，從動作上可以看出來，先是click; 接著appear, 繼而fill in ,時間先后非常明顯，看到這一點，兩個句子就不難理解了。在理解的基礎上再去掌握就變得輕松了。一個句子能表達一個完整的意思很容易理解，可同學們大家想過沒有，一組句子要表達一個復雜的意思，處理不好句子與句子之間的關系是萬萬不行的。而句子與句子間無非這幾種關系：并列、轉折、遞進等。比如：He was a famous vet. He was born in England in 1915. He grew up with his dog named Dan. 這三個句子就是并列的關系，都在介紹“he”。

三、弄清段落間關系

例如：50 課第三段，The world?蒺s population is growing faster and faster. …That means that in about 600 years, there will be standing room only on the earth.

本段第二句是總的說明，下面好幾個句子都是在用列數字的方法、比較的方法進行說明。這是總分的關系。在明白這個關系的基礎上去理解課文，就知道列舉數字進行比較的意圖是說明世界人口增長越來越快，而不是為了說明當前人口比過去人口多。段落間的關系主要是讓大家注意表達的連貫性，以便在自己進行表達時能做好前后段落間的承接。

四、提出問題了解大意

當你分析著讀過了三遍，你一定會對文意有了較為清晰的了解，此時你可以把課本合上，給自己提幾個問題。比如“What?蒺s the text（課文） about?”“Why the increasing population may be the greatest challenge of the world today?”“What can be done to slow down the population increase in India?”“What can we learn from James Herriot?”提問題的過程也是思考的過程，這一學習過程是不能被取代的！接下來，試著把文章大意用自己的話表達一下，三句、五句都行，但必須完整。這一步要做好離不開上一步，因為文章大意就是每段主要意思的概括。比如58課，你可以這樣概括：James Herriot was a famous vet. He grew up with his pet dog Dan. He liked dogs very much so he decided to be a vet for dogs. Soon after he became a college student, he found to be a doctor only for dogs during that time was impossible. Vets mostly helped heal pigs, horses and cows. Even though some vets laughed at him, he helped heal sick pet dogs. The owners of the pets all thanked him. He worked as a country vet for many years, and he wrote his experience into several books. Because he liked dogs best. He wrote a book named James Herriot?蒺s Dog Stories.