沼氣型厭氧好氧一體生化反應(yīng)器處理分散型生活污水的研究

摘要:對(duì)新型專利—沼氣型厭氧好氧一體生化反應(yīng)器處理農(nóng)村生活污水進(jìn)行了實(shí)際應(yīng)用研究。在平均氣溫7 ℃，處理量20 t/d，HRT 2.9 d，厭氧段水力負(fù)荷0.571 m3/(m3·d)，生物球裝填率15%;好氧段水力負(fù)荷1.143 m3/(m3·d)，彈性填料(YDT)裝填率依次為50%、40%和25%，跌水充氧，連續(xù)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行8個(gè)月，監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果表明:該工藝出水中的COD和BOD的去除率分別為:73.7%和76.5%;出水水質(zhì)均值為COD 34 mg/L、BOD 15 mg/L、SS 6 mg/L和糞大腸菌群數(shù)5 200個(gè)/L，可用于農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉和觀賞性景觀用水。

關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)村生活污水;跌水充氧;生物膜;COD;BOD

中圖分類號(hào):S273.5文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2010.03.037

Study of Biogas Anaerobic-aerobic Biological Reactor for Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage

WU Di， LI Yu-hua， ZHAO Lin-na， GAO Xian-biao

(Tianjin Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment Sciences. Tianjin 300192， China)

Abstract:A new type of patent ——biogas anaerobic-aerobic biological reactor when treating low C/ N ratio rural domestic sewage was studied in practical application. In biogas anaerobic-aerobic biological reactor with a design capacity of 20 t/d and 7 ℃，the parameter at the anaerobic stage was as follows: HRT was 2.9 d， hydraulic loading 0.571 m3/(m3·d)and packed rate of biology-ballwas 15%;The operating parameter at aerobic stage was as follows: hydraulic loading 1.143 m3/(m3·d)， packed rates of elasticity plastic filler were 50%， 40%， 25% respectively， the oxygenation using way of drop-aeration. Results of eight-month operation working showed that the removal efficiency of COD and BOD were 73.7% and 76.5%; the effluent concentrations were COD 34 mg/L， BOD 15 mg/L， SS 6 mg/L and abundance of fecal coliform 5 200 individual/L in average ， respectively. The effluent was superior to the requirement of irrigation and landscape.

Key words: rural domestic sewage ; drop-aeration; biofilm;COD;BOD

近年來，農(nóng)村生活污水因其分散性，對(duì)河流湖泊等受納水體造成嚴(yán)重污染，受到了全世界人們的普遍關(guān)注[1-3]。濱海地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程步伐的加快，對(duì)農(nóng)村生活污水的資源化成為制約其發(fā)展的主要環(huán)境因素。同時(shí)，農(nóng)村生活污水具有低碳，高氮、磷和致病菌的特點(diǎn)，農(nóng)村環(huán)境意識(shí)薄弱，人員技術(shù)水平不高，給處理工藝提出了新的要求，為此開發(fā)更適合農(nóng)村生活污水處理的新工藝尤為必要[4，5]。

沼氣型厭氧好氧一體生化反應(yīng)器是針對(duì)農(nóng)村生活污水低碳氮比和高致病菌特點(diǎn)開發(fā)的一種新工藝，反應(yīng)裝置專利號(hào)為:ZL200820073645.8。本工藝將厭氧生物球和跌水充氧接觸氧化相結(jié)合，厭氧段利用增添的生物球提高污水厭氧消化能力，充氧段為硝化反應(yīng)提供了電子受體，在好氧段硝化、反硝化除磷交替進(jìn)行，使同步脫氮、除磷成為可能[6]。筆者以實(shí)際運(yùn)行的污水處理裝置為對(duì)象，重點(diǎn)研究了低溶解氧和冬季低溫條件，對(duì)污水中有機(jī)物和氮、磷等去除效果。……