沼氣型厭氧好氧一體生化反應器處理分散型生活污水的研究

摘要:對新型專利—沼氣型厭氧好氧一體生化反應器處理農村生活污水進行了實際應用研究。在平均氣溫7 ℃，處理量20 t/d，HRT 2.9 d，厭氧段水力負荷0.571 m3/(m3·d)，生物球裝填率15%;好氧段水力負荷1.143 m3/(m3·d)，彈性填料(YDT)裝填率依次為50%、40%和25%，跌水充氧，連續穩定運行8個月，監測結果表明:該工藝出水中的COD和BOD的去除率分別為:73.7%和76.5%;出水水質均值為COD 34 mg/L、BOD 15 mg/L、SS 6 mg/L和糞大腸菌群數5 200個/L，可用于農業灌溉和觀賞性景觀用水。

關鍵詞:農村生活污水;跌水充氧;生物膜;COD;BOD

中圖分類號:S273.5文獻標識碼:A DOI編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2010.03.037

Study of Biogas Anaerobic-aerobic Biological Reactor for Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage

WU Di， LI Yu-hua， ZHAO Lin-na， GAO Xian-biao

(Tianjin Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment Sciences. Tianjin 300192， China)

Abstract:A new type of patent ——biogas anaerobic-aerobic biological reactor when treating low C/ N ratio rural domestic sewage was studied in practical application. In biogas anaerobic-aerobic biological reactor with a design capacity of 20 t/d and 7 ℃，the parameter at the anaerobic stage was as follows: HRT was 2.9 d， hydraulic loading 0.571 m3/(m3·d)and packed rate of biology-ballwas 15%;The operating parameter at aerobic stage was as follows: hydraulic loading 1.143 m3/(m3·d)， packed rates of elasticity plastic filler were 50%， 40%， 25% respectively， the oxygenation using way of drop-aeration. Results of eight-month operation working showed that the removal efficiency of COD and BOD were 73.7% and 76.5%; the effluent concentrations were COD 34 mg/L， BOD 15 mg/L， SS 6 mg/L and abundance of fecal coliform 5 200 individual/L in average ， respectively. The effluent was superior to the requirement of irrigation and landscape.

Key words: rural domestic sewage ; drop-aeration; biofilm;COD;BOD

近年來，農村生活污水因其分散性，對河流湖泊等受納水體造成嚴重污染，受到了全世界人們的普遍關注[1-3]。濱海地區城鎮化進程步伐的加快，對農村生活污水的資源化成為制約其發展的主要環境因素。同時，農村生活污水具有低碳，高氮、磷和致病菌的特點，農村環境意識薄弱，人員技術水平不高，給處理工藝提出了新的要求，為此開發更適合農村生活污水處理的新工藝尤為必要[4，5]。

沼氣型厭氧好氧一體生化反應器是針對農村生活污水低碳氮比和高致病菌特點開發的一種新工藝，反應裝置專利號為:ZL200820073645.8。本工藝將厭氧生物球和跌水充氧接觸氧化相結合，厭氧段利用增添的生物球提高污水厭氧消化能力，充氧段為硝化反應提供了電子受體，在好氧段硝化、反硝化除磷交替進行，使同步脫氮、除磷成為可能[6]。筆者以實際運行的污水處理裝置為對象，重點研究了低溶解氧和冬季低溫條件，對污水中有機物和氮、磷等去除效果。……