在高中英語課文學習中培養猜詞策略

猜詞策略作為語言學習策略的一種，它在學習者的詞匯學習和閱讀方面都起著舉足輕重的作用。在日常閱讀中或課文學習中遇到生詞時，要通過上下文語境來猜測詞義，如根據語法結構、詞綴、標點符號、利用同義詞、反義詞、句子的因果關系、生詞與臨近句法成分的關系等來推測生詞的意義，養成猜詞的習慣。

1. 根據定義、解釋猜測詞義。

有些文章對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或詞語通過標點符號(冒號或破折號)、定語、同位語、下定義、描述和舉例等方法來進行解釋，我們就根據文章中提供的這些信息和線索來猜測詞義。如:

She can be really stubborn. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places， she insisted that she organize the trip properly. (Module1 Unit 3)

通過認真閱讀下文:“盡管她不知道最佳的路線，但她仍堅持認為她這次出游組織得很好。”就能得出stubborn的意思就是“固執(not to change her opinion)”。

Some were insects. Others， called amphibians， were able to live on land as well as in the water. (Module 3 Unit 4)

通過解釋，我們不難得出amphibian就是“既可以生活在陸地上又可以生活在水里的兩棲動物”。

It is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal， natural gas and oil to produce energy. (Module 6Unit 4)

根據解釋可以得出fossil fuels就是“像煤、石油等的礦物燃料”。

2. 根據同義、反義、對比、轉折、比喻和構詞知識猜測詞義。

在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據同義、反義和對比關系或比喻手法等語言環境來推斷生詞詞義。如:

... I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people. (Module 1 Unit 5)

我們經過思考，都能看出advice和guidance是同義詞，輕松得出該詞的詞義。

We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. (Module 4 Unit 1)

通過分析句意:母猩猩和小猩猩一起玩耍、睡覺，就像人類家庭成員一樣關系密切。從比喻中可知bond 就是“tie”即“聯系，紐帶”之意。

Cloning plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is more complicated. (Module 8 Unit 2)

根據but得出這兩句是對比轉折關系，再根據下文的complicated猜出straightforward是其反義詞，即“不復雜，簡單”之意。

通過這樣的訓練，能夠拓展我們的思維，更方便記憶單詞，對于培養英語思維、形成較強的英語學習能力大有益處。

3. 利用邏輯關系猜測詞義。

利用句子內在的邏輯關系推測詞義時，應在理清生詞前后文意的基礎上著重分析前后文的邏輯關系，是遞進、轉折、并列還是因果關系。如:

We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs. Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. As a result， we are now an endangered species. (Module 2 Unit 4)

依據As a result這個詞組得出結論:前后邏輯關系為因果關系，再根據上文“人們捕殺羚羊獲取皮毛來做衣服，羚羊數量會越來越少，”其結果自然是“瀕危的”。

Now it’s a tourist area with lots of shops， seafood restaurants and bakeries. (Module 8 Unit 1)

因shops， seafood restaurants and bakeries是并列結構，輕松得出bakery就是“面包店”之意。

4. 注意熟詞新義。

近年來高考注重對熟詞新義的考查，因此我們在課文學習或閱讀理解中，要根據語境推測熟詞的新含義，使其能觸類旁通。如:

It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. (Module 6 Unit 6)

根據句意“令人驚奇的是，在同一家博物館里竟能______下19世紀后期到20世紀的眾多的名家巨作。” 不難得出:house在句中作動詞用，意思是“provide a place for，keep or put”。

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