書面表達中的常見錯誤(下)

八、句首短語和后面句子的邏輯關系錯誤

按照英語表達習慣，句首短語的邏輯主語應和后面句子的主語一致，否則很容易產生歧義。為了避免歧義，句首短語應改用從句。例如:

原句Even as a boy， the teacher thought he was hopeless at maths.

只說出“當小時候時”，但沒有說明“誰”小時候，很容易產生歧義。

修改:Even as he was a boy， the teacher thought he was hopeless at maths.

原句At the age of ten， his father died and the family couldn’t afford his school education.

修改:When he was ten， his father died and the family couldn’t afford his school education.

九、主謂一致錯誤

主要體現在形式為復數、意義為單數的名詞(如mathematics，physics，economics，news等)作主語時謂語動詞錯用為復數以及either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等連接并列主語時謂語動詞單復數出現錯誤等方面。

原句Of all the subjects， physics are the most interesting. We all like it.

physics 是復數形式單數含義，謂語動詞應用單數。

修改:Of all the subjects， physics is the most interesting. We all like it.

原句Not only my parents but also my brother enjoy taking a walk after supper.

either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also....等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與鄰近的主語保持人稱和數的一致。

修改:Not only my parents but also my brother enjoys taking a walk after supper.

十、并列結構的誤用

主要體現在并列連詞前后的內容不一致、不平行。例如:

原句Thomas Edison not only was a famous scientist but also he was a great inventor.

not only...but also...連接的一定是并列成分，即并列分句、并列主語(謂語、賓語、表語、狀語等)。

修改:Thomas Edison was not only a famous scientist but also a great inventor.

原句Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He often makes his lessons interesting and humour.

and前后的兩個賓語補足語詞性不一致，humour是名詞，應用形容詞humorous。

修改:Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He often makes his lessons interesting and humorous.

十一、句子成分殘缺不全或表達重復、不簡潔

原句Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether a mobile phone should be brought to school and our opinions as follows.

and后面的并列句缺少助動詞are。

修改:Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether a mobile phone should be brought to school and our opinions are as follows.

原句My friend Li Hua is always ready to help others. He often does he can do to help others.

該句有兩處錯誤，賓語從句缺少引導詞和賓語what;為了避免重復，do應省去。

修改:My friend Li Hua is always ready to help others. He often does what he can to help others.

練一練:改正下列句子中的錯誤。

1. Li Ming is very kind and he always speaks to others very friendly.

2. At that time， a woman was very hard to admit to a college.

3. To pass the entrance examination， working hard is important every day.

4. Under his help， I finished my homework in time.

5. Peter has been in China for six years and he can speak the Chinese very well.

6. Above all， having sports regularly can greatly benefit the students in both his health and study.

7. Great changes have taken place in our country since the 1980.

8. At the age of twelve， his family moved to New York where he continued his writing.

9. I still remember the chemical works I once worked with Mr. Li.

10. It is wrong to regard either their work as totally good or as completely bad.

11. Neither they nor he have hung the pictures upside down.

12. Tom didn’t raise when the teacher came into the classroom.

答案與解析:

1. friendly是形容詞，不是副詞，應改為:Li Ming is very kind and he always speaks to others in a very friendly way.

2. admit表示“準許加入”、“接收”時是及物動詞;整個句子的表達也不符合英語習慣，應使用形式主語it:At that time， it was very hard for a woman to be admitted to a college.

3. 目的狀語不定式的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致。應改為:To pass the entrance examination， we must work hard every day.

4. “在……的幫助下”用with one’s help/with the help of... 應改為:With his help/With the help of him， I finished my homework in time.

5. 語言的名稱前不加冠詞。應改為:Peter has been in China for six years and he can speak Chinese very well.

6. his與前面的the students不一致。應改為:Above all， having sports regularly can greatly benefit the students in both their health and study.

7. 表示“20世紀80年代”應用復數形式。應改為:Great changes have taken place in our country since the 1980s.

8. 句首短語的邏輯主語和后面句子的主語不一致。應改為:When he was twelve， his family moved to New York where he continued his writing.

9. 定語從句缺少地點狀語，即關系副詞where。應改為:I still remember the chemical works where I once worked with Mr. Li.

10. either...or... 應該連接并列成分。應改為:It is wrong to regard their work either as totally good or as completely bad.

11. 主謂一致錯誤。應改為:Neither they nor he has hung the pictures upside down.

12. 動詞誤用，不及物動詞rise才可表示“起身”。應改為:Tom didn’t rise when the teacher came into the classroom.

編輯/梁宇清