摘要:本文建立兩期動態模型,將信用限額引入對信用卡均衡的分析中,研究了信用卡均衡存在的條件,在此基礎上對最優信用限額的合理設定進行了具體分析。研究表明,一方面,信用限額需要根據持卡消費者的不同收入區間進行具體的市場細分,另一方面,隨著信用卡市場逐漸走向成熟,最優信用限額具有動態上升的態勢,同時還與具體市場環境下卡組織的風險偏好有關。而信用限額的提高會導致商戶扣率的下降,同時還會導致違約風險的增大。文章最后考慮了信用違約,分析表明即使存在違約,從長期來看卡組織降低信貸準入門檻仍然是有利可圖的。
關鍵詞:信用限額;信用卡均衡;商戶扣率;信貸準入
Abstract:Based on a two-period dynamic model,this paper introduce credit limit into the analysis of credit card equilibrium and find out the conditions under which the equilibrium exists,then have a detailed research on the reasonable setting of the optimal credit limit. The results show that,on one hand we should perform specific market segmentation according to card users’different income distribution,on the other hand the optimal credit limit should be a dynamic increasing process following the growing up of the credit market,and also it is correlated with card organization’s risk preferences under different market environment. The rise of credit limit will induce the decrease of merchant discount and the increase of default risk. By considering credit default,the article drew an important conclusion that it’s profitable for card organization to lower credit access threshold even there exists default risk in the long run.
Key Words:credit limit,credit card equilibrium,merchant discount,credit access
中圖分類號:F830.46 文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1674-2265(2010)01-0010-06
一、引言
自2003年以來,我國信用卡業務出現了井噴式增長,多數銀行相繼設立獨立運作的信用卡中心,加強了信用卡營銷力度,信貸總額快速增長。目前銀行卡消費業務不斷快速增長,我國社會消費品零售市場進一步活躍,銀行卡滲透率首次突破30%。不過,由于信用卡期末授信總額和期末應償信貸總額(信用卡透支余額)持續大幅增長,出現逾期半年未償信貸總額不斷增加以及其占期末應償信貸總額比例略有上升的問題,壞賬風險依然存在。當越來越多的人開始使用信用卡時,接踵而來的一系列問題便產生了,目前主要體現在兩點:一是各家銀行如何在同行業競爭中實現信用卡收益的突破,深入挖掘更有潛力的用戶需求;二是如何在不斷擴張的信用卡發卡量上控制違約率的高企。……