如何做好書面表達

《考試說明》書面表達評分標準中最高檔次的要求為：覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點，應用了較高級的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。

這幾句話不僅涵蓋了評分的標準和依據(jù)，更重要的是為我們進行書面表達指明了方向，提供了思路，發(fā)揮了指導棒的功能。

審題是寫好文章的第一步，審題時要注意把握好三個方面，即文體、人稱、時態(tài)。書面表達常見的幾種文體是記敘文、說明文、議論文。

一、多樣化句式的寫作效果

為了使文章生動活潑，除了用主語開頭外，還可以用句子的其他成分開頭。

1.用副詞開頭：Too often，students fall into the habit of cheating on tests.

Regretfully， the woman driver didn’t stop but fled as quickly as possible.

2.用同位語開頭：Air， water and oxygen，everything is necessary for life.

3.用狀語開頭：Dark and empty， the house looked very different from the way I remembered it.

4.用表語開頭：Equally important to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort.

5.用賓語開頭：My advice you would not listen to; my helps you laughed at. Now you will have what you asked for.

6.用介詞短語開頭：To me the news was very interesting， but to my wife very boring.

In front of the school is the newly-built building.

二、常用的一些關聯(lián)詞

1.時間：now thenbefore/after/later/soon/first/next meanwhile/finally/at last/in the end

2.因果：because/since/so/as a result/therefore/thusbecause of this/for this reason/in that case

3.附加遞進 also and/then/in addition/furthermore/moreover/what’s more

4.比較：like/unlike/similarly/just as/in the same way

5.對照：but/still/however/otherwise/nevertheless/ on the other hand/on the contrary

6.讓步：dispite/in spite of/though/even though/no matter how/ what/when

7.目的：for this purpose/so that/in order that

8.列舉解釋：for example/such as/in other words

9.總結(jié)：in a word/in summary/in conclusion/in short in brief/that is/from above

三、書面表達訓練點評

寫作要求：

簡要介紹學校布局，校園中間是教學樓，兩旁分別為體育館和圖書館，操場在街對面。適當發(fā)揮，不少于70詞。

學生習作：

Dear friend， （1）

I’m writing to tell you something about my school. Now I stand on the road leading to the school gate.（2） In front of me stands our teaching building， every day we happily study altogether. On my left， there exists a gym. In it， you can do some exercises on the PE equipment. On my right stands the library with many books， and it was there that students can read a lot freely. The playgroud is across the street， where we can have PE classes.

糾錯診所：

(1)文章的開頭和第一句話用了書信格式， 說明沒有認真審題， 這種失誤是寫作之大忌。

(2)在這篇文章中作者的寫作思路很清晰，使自己立足于通向?qū)W校門口的大路上，然后介紹學校的布局。但是 “我” 在文章中應該是隱形的，即讀者能夠從文章中看出作者的立足點。所以這句話純屬畫蛇添足。

教師點評：

這是一篇說明文。習作者能夠按照寫作要求對學校進行簡要介紹，要點齊全，以空間方位順序清楚合理地概括了學校的布局，遣詞造句均能達意，并較好地使用了一些較高級詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)如倒裝句、強調(diào)句等，整體來看是一篇不錯的文章。從出錯的地方看，習作者有點粗心大意，沒有認真細致地審題，想當然地寫成了書信格式。而且，說明文要求能夠客觀地描述某一事物，所以作者不應把自己置身其中。

參考范文：

Our school is very beautiful，now let me introuduce it to you.

In front of the road stands the teaching building， every day we happily study altogether. On the left，there exists a gym， in it we can do some exercises on the PE equipment. On the right stands the library with many books， and it was there that students can read a lot freely. The playground is across the street， where we can have PE classes.