淺析反意疑問(wèn)句

摘要: 本文針對(duì)學(xué)生常遇到的反意疑問(wèn)句的問(wèn)題，結(jié)合作者自己多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的用法進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié)。

關(guān)鍵詞: 反意疑問(wèn)句用法總結(jié)

在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)過(guò)程中，學(xué)生對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的用法總是比較模糊，對(duì)此，我針對(duì)學(xué)生常遇到的問(wèn)題，結(jié)合自己多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的用法進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié)。

反意疑問(wèn)句用于提出情況或看法，要求對(duì)方同意或確認(rèn)。這種問(wèn)句由兩部分組成，前一部分用陳述句的形式，后一部分是一個(gè)附加疑問(wèn)句，兩部分的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。

一、如果陳述句為肯定形式，附加疑問(wèn)句通常用否定形式;如果陳述句為否定形式，附加疑問(wèn)句就用肯定形式。如:

(1)I am as tall as your sister， aren’t I?

(2)You’d better read it by yourself， hadn’t you?

(3)You’d like to go there， wouldn’t you?

(4)What a girl (she is)， isn’t she?

(5)What colors (they are)， aren’t they?

(6)That is not a nice coat， is it?

(7)Most of the news won’t be true， will it?

如果陳述句里包含有neither， no， none， no one， nobody， nothing， barely， hardly， scarcely， hardly ever， seldom， little， few， nowhere等否定詞語(yǔ)，就按否定句處理。如:

(1)You have nothing against it， have you?

(2)You have never met each other before， have you?

(3)He seldom plays balls， does he?

(4)There’s little money with him， is there?

(5)None of food was wasted， was it?

但要注意的是，加否定前綴的詞，表示相反的意思，不是否定詞。如unfit， important， dislike， unpractical等，如:

(1)He dislikes this idea， doesn’t he?

(2)He was unpractical， wasn’t he?

二、附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)。

陳述句的主語(yǔ)是anyone和no one等指人的合成不定代詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they;如果是指物的不定代詞，則附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it，如:

(1)Someone had recognized him， hadn’t they?

(2)Neither of them complained， did they?

(3)Nobody knows it， do they? (正式文體中常用he)

(4)Everything is ready， isn’t it?(指物用it)

注:

1.陳述句的主語(yǔ)是none of them(或復(fù)數(shù)名詞)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they，如:

None of them are busy，are they?

2.陳述句的主語(yǔ)是none of us和some of you時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)分別用we和you，如:

(1)None of us knew the way，did we?

(2)Some of you are learning French，aren’t you?

3.陳述句的主語(yǔ)是some of us時(shí)，說(shuō)話(huà)人把自己包括在內(nèi)用we，說(shuō)話(huà)人把自己排斥在外用they，如:

(1)Some of us wanted to stay longer，didn’t we?(包括自己在內(nèi))

(2)On the return journey some of us lost the way，didn’t they?(把自己排斥在外)

4.陳述句中含有并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)需特別注意，如:

(1)Either Tom or he studies polities，don’t they?

(2)Neither you nor I am an engineer，are we?

三、陳述句為復(fù)雜句，附加疑問(wèn)句通常重復(fù)主句的主語(yǔ)和功能詞，如:

He said she would visit Japan， didn’t he?

但要注意下列幾種用法:

(1)It’s said that he has been abroad，hasn’t he?

(2)It’s the first time he has been here，hasn’t he?

(3)I don’t think that he is a nice boy，is he?

(比較:I think he is not hones，is he?)

(4)I was told that he had been chosen as a player，hadn’t he?

四、祈使句后可以加一個(gè)附加疑問(wèn)句，使口氣變得客氣一些。這時(shí)，陳述部分和疑問(wèn)部分就沒(méi)有反意關(guān)系。一般情況下，可在祈使句后加will you或won’t you，助動(dòng)詞也可以用can / can’t / could / would。如:

(1)Have a little more coffee， will you?

(2)Take a seat， won’t you?

(3)Don’t do that again， will you?

但以Let， Let’s或Let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句要特別注意:

(1)Let’s have a seat， shall we?

(2)Let me know， will you / may I?

(3)“Let us go and have a look，shall we?”he said to her.(包括對(duì)方在內(nèi)。)

(4)“Let us go in， will you?” he said to the guard. (不包括對(duì)方，助動(dòng)詞不用“shall”，但也可用would / won’t / can’t。)

五、帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和used to的陳述句后的附加疑問(wèn)句如:

(1)He needn’t go， must / need he?

(比較:You need to go home， don’ t you?)

(2)This must be yours， isn’t it?

(3)You must start early tomorrow， needn’t / mustn’t you?

(4)He must have been waiting for you， hasn’t he? (如有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如yesterday， 則用wasn’t he)

(5)It can’t have rained last night，did it?

(6)He dare not say so，dare he?

(比較:She doesn’t dare to go home，does she?)

(7)He ought to go and ask the teacher，shouldn’t he(人)/ oughtn’t he?(物)

(8)We have to listen to the talk，don’t we?

(9)You should have come earlier，didn’t you?

(10)I wish to go there alone，may I?

(11)He used to take pictures there，usedn’t / didn’t he?果

六、在一些其他情況下也間或不遵循反意疑問(wèn)句的規(guī)律，這時(shí)帶有譏諷、輕蔑、責(zé)備、威嚇的口吻，如:

(1)——I won’t let you do it!

——You won’t， won’t you?

(2)So that’s your little trick， is it?

(3)Oh， you’ve had another accident， have you?

有時(shí)不帶這類(lèi)口吻，指說(shuō)話(huà)人通過(guò)推斷或回憶作出結(jié)論:

(1)Your car is outside， is it?

(2)So he likes the idea， does he?

(3)So you don’t want to go， don’t you?

七、回答反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果答案是肯定的，前面要用yes，否則用no。在陳述句為否定句時(shí)要特別注意，這時(shí)英語(yǔ)回答和漢語(yǔ)回答是不一致的，如:

(1)You are not going out today， are you?

——No， I am not.

——Yes， I am.

(2)George wasn’t there that day， was he?

——No， he wasn’t.

——Yes， he was.

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，反意疑問(wèn)句及其回答中的肯定否定關(guān)系可以用下面這個(gè)公式表示(+表示肯定，-表示否定):

問(wèn)句中:+，-或-，+，

回答中:+，+或-，-。