摩 擦

句子：中國官員建議應(yīng)妥善解決兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系中的分歧和摩擦。

誤譯：A Chinese official suggests that the differences and rubbings between the two countries in economy and trade should be resolved appropriately.

正譯：A Chinese official suggests that the differences and frictions between the two countries in economy and trade should be resolved appropriately.

解釋：rubbing 表示物體之間的摩擦，不表示人與人或國與國之間的沖突。而friction 既可以表示物體之間，也可以表示人與人或國與國之間的沖突。

“摩擦”的第一個(gè)意思是“物體和物體緊密接觸，來回移動”。英語可以譯為 to rub。例如：

1. 他在不停地摩擦雙手而生熱。He was constantly rubbing his hands, which generated heat.

“摩擦”的第二個(gè)意思是“兩個(gè)相互接觸的物體，當(dāng)進(jìn)行相對運(yùn)動或有相對運(yùn)動趨勢時(shí)，在接觸面上產(chǎn)生的阻礙運(yùn)動的作用”。英語可以譯為friction。例如：

2. 我們走路和跑步時(shí)都依靠摩擦。We depend on friction when we walk or run.

“摩擦力”，可以譯為frictional force, force of friction或 friction。例如：

3. 因摩擦而產(chǎn)生的力稱為摩擦力。The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.

“摩擦”的第三個(gè)意思是“個(gè)人、黨派、團(tuán)體或國家間因彼此矛盾而引起的沖突”。“輕微摩擦”英語可以譯為brush；“嚴(yán)重摩擦” 可以譯為clash或friction。例如：

4. 昨天，他與鄰居發(fā)生摩擦。Yesterday, he had a brush with his neighbour.

5. 中國已盡力用各種可能的方法避免與鄰國發(fā)生邊界摩擦。China has tried every possible way to avoid border clashes with her neighbouring countries.

6. 這兩個(gè)國家正試圖通過談判解決他們之間的沖突和摩擦。The two countries are trying to resolve the conflicts and frictions between them through negotiations. ▲

（本欄目供稿：王逢鑫教授）

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