職業(yè)病

句子：據(jù)報(bào)道，一名農(nóng)民工接受了開胸驗(yàn)肺手術(shù)以弄清他的職業(yè)病病情。

誤譯：It is reported that a migrant worker received an open-chest surgery to find out the truth about his professional illness.

正譯：It is reported that a migrant worker received an open-chest surgery to find out the truth about his occupational illness.

解釋：professional 的意思是connected with a job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education，指與需要專門培訓(xùn)或?qū)ｉT技能的職業(yè)相聯(lián)系的，即“專業(yè)的”，涉及范圍較小。這個(gè)詞不能用來(lái)修飾疾病。occupational 的意思是connected with a persons job，指與一個(gè)人的職業(yè)相關(guān)的，即“職業(yè)的”，涉及范圍較大。這個(gè)詞可以用來(lái)修飾疾病。

“職業(yè)病”的意思是指“勞動(dòng)者在生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)及其他職業(yè)活動(dòng)中，接觸職業(yè)危害因素所引起的疾病”。英語(yǔ)可以譯為occupational disease, occupation disease, occupational illness, work illness, work-related illness, employment disease, industrial disease。例如：

1. 皮膚病是工廠工人中的常見職業(yè)病。Skin disorders are common occupational diseases among factory workers.

2. 這些老工人記憶力差、有精神壓力、情緒動(dòng)蕩，而且衰老加快，這些是職業(yè)病的常見癥狀。These aged workers suffered from poor memory, as well as stress, mood swings and accelerated aging, which are common symptoms of work-related illnesses.

3. 塵肺病是一種影響長(zhǎng)期在煤塵環(huán)境下工作的煤礦工人的職業(yè)病。Black lung disease is an industrial disease that affects coal miners after working for long periods of time around coal dust.

“工傷”，可以譯為occupational injury, work injury, work-related injury, on-the-job injury, employment injury。例如：

4. 在建筑業(yè)，工傷的發(fā)生率要高一些。There is a higher rate of occupational injury in the construction industry.

5. 上下班途中因車禍?zhǔn)軅娜藗儗⒉粚儆诠ｋU(xiǎn)的范圍。People injured in a car accident while traveling to or from work will not be covered by the work injury insurance.

6. 他因工傷而在醫(yī)院臥床3天。He was kept in bed at the hospital for three days because of an employment injury.▲

（本欄目供稿：王逢鑫教授）