Ｍｏｄｕｌｅ ９ Ｕｎｉｔ ４ 單元點撥

1. polish up 1) 改善，提高;2) 擦亮 

例如:I’m going to New York， so I must polish up my English. 

我要去紐約，因此我必須提高英語水平。 

He polished up the handle of the big front door. 他把大門的把手擦亮了。 

2. sharpen 1)v.削尖，磨尖，(使) 變得鋒利;2)v.(使) 改善;(使) 改進

例如:She sharpened her pencil. 她削尖鉛筆。

Debates sharpen one’s wits. 辯論增長才智。

Students will sharpen up their reading skills. 學(xué)生們要改進他們的閱讀技巧。

拓展:sharpen是由形容詞sharp加后綴en構(gòu)成。

-en后綴放在形容詞或名詞后，使該詞變成動詞，意思為“(使) 變得……”。

例如:strength→strengthen (加強，變強);dark→darken (變黑);broad→broaden (加寬);soft →soften (使變軟)

3. suffering \.身體或心靈的痛苦，苦難;\.各種苦惱 (常用復(fù)數(shù))

例如:The medication should ease the suffering. 這種療法能減輕痛苦。

She bore her sufferings bravely.她勇敢地承受苦難的遭遇。

拓展: v.suffer 受……的痛苦

例如:He’d suffered a great deal since his arrest. 他被捕以后受了很多苦。

【重點提示】

注意suffer與suffer from的用法區(qū)別:

suffer 受苦，受 (痛)，后面常接以下的賓語:pain / loss / defeat / punishment / hardship;

suffer from受……之苦 / 因……而不舒服，后常接以下賓語:cold and hunger / overwork / lack of rest。

4. bear (bore， borne)vt.1) 承擔(dān)，擔(dān)負(fù) (責(zé)任) = take responsibility for;2) 支持;支撐 = support;3) 忍耐，忍受，常與can / could連用于疑問句及否定句中;4) 生育 (孩) 子 = give birth to (a child)

例如:No one likes to bear the responsibility for such decisions. 沒有人喜歡為這樣的決定承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

The ice on the lake will not bear your weight. 這湖上的冰無法承受你的體重。

I can’t bear living alone. = I can’t bear to live alone. 我不能忍受獨自生活。

She bore six daughters. 她生了6個女兒。

5. figure \.人物;人影;肖像;數(shù)字;圖形;體型

例如:a leading figure in the music industry音樂界一位主要人物

a tall figure in black一個黑衣高個子人影

She is always so proud of her figure. 她對自己的體形總是這么得意。

拓展:1) figurevt.認(rèn)為，判斷;figure + that或figure + (to be)adj./n. 

例如:I figured that what he said was right. = I figured what he said (to be) right. 我認(rèn)為他的話是對的。

2) figure out 理解，計算出

例如:I can’t figure out how she could find the key. 我無法理解她怎么會找到這鑰匙的。

6. instructvt.1) 指示;命令，吩咐 instruct sb. to do;2) 教，指導(dǎo) instruct sb. in sth.例如:She instructed him to wait. 她命令他等著。

He instructs us in English. 他教我們英語。

【重點提示】

注意instruct與teach的用法區(qū)別:

instruct比teach正式，含有以系統(tǒng)的方法教授，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是instruct sb. in sth.。

teach是一般用語，后可接雙賓語。

【即時操練】

1) He is______a child the alphabet. 

2) A graduate______the freshmen in the music theory. 

答案:1) teaching2) instructed

拓展:1) instruction n. ① 教育，教授;② instructions 命令，指示;2) instructive adj. 有教育意義的

例如:give / receive instruction in English;follow instructions 接受指示

7. salaryn.薪金，薪水

例如:He received a salary of ￡19，000. 他年薪19，000英鎊。

【辨析比較】salary， wage， pay， income fee

salary尤指專業(yè)人員或白領(lǐng)的年薪。