漫談ｉｔ與高考

“it”的用法及it引導的強調句型，是高中英語語法的重點、難點，又是高考題中的熱點，因此應給予充分的重視，現將it用法歸納如下:

1. It is/was+被強調部分+that…

① 該句型是強調句型。被強調部分可以是主語、賓語、表語或狀語。強調的主語如果是人，that可以和who換用。如果把這種句型結構去掉后，應該是一個完整無缺的句子。這也是區別強調句型與其它從句的方法。

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

大約在600年前第一個有表盤和表針的表被制造出來了。

It is he not you that (who) has cleaned the classroom. 是他而不是你打掃了教室。

② It is not until+被強調部分+that…

該句型主要用于強調時間狀語，譯成漢語“直到……才……”，“可以說是not…until…的強調形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.=I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 直到她摘下墨鏡我才認出她是一個電影明星。

③ 強調句型的一般疑問句須將be的形式提前，放在句首。強調句型還可用特殊疑問句。如:

Was it the book of this kind that they liked in their childhoods?

他們在孩提時代喜歡的是這種書嗎?

What was it that started the big fire in the building? 到底是什么原因引起那棟大樓的大火?

【高考鏈接】

1) It was in New Zealand ____ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008全國II)

A. thatB. howC. whichD. when

2) It was not until midnight ____ they reached the camp site. (2008重慶卷)

A. thatB. whenC. whileD. as

【典題解析】

以上兩道高考題都是考查強調句型，答案均為A。1)考查強調句式的一般結構，強調了句中的地點狀語。如果強調的主語、賓語是人，that可以由who換用。除此之外，都用that。2)考查not until 的強調句式。在該種句式中，否定詞not必須置于強調部分。

2. It is clear (obvious， true， possible， certain…) that….

此句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句，常譯為“清楚(顯然，真的，肯定……)”是主語從句最常見的一種結構。

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. 很明顯他又高又胖像棵樹。

3. It is important (necessary， right， strange， natural…) that…

由于主句中的形容詞不同，that后的從句中要用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形)，should 可以省去。建議記住該句型中的形容詞。

It is important that we (should) learn English well. 我們學英語很重要。

It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 記住那些單詞很必要。

4. It is said (reported， learned…) that…

該句型中it仍是形式主語，真正主語是that引導的主語從句。該結構常譯為“據說(據報道，據悉……)”。

It is said that he has come to Beijing. 據說他到了北京。

It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

據報道又發射了一顆衛星。

【高考鏈接】 It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect youagainst serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海)

A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that

【典題解析】該題考查主語從句。答案選D。句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語是that eating vegetables in…。

5. It is suggested (ordered…) that…

主句中的過去分詞是表示請求，建議，命令等詞時，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形)，should 可以省略。常譯為“據建議(有命令……)

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 人們建議推遲會議。

It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.

有人命令我們兩個小時之內到達。

【高考鏈接】____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (2005上海)

A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires

【典題解析】 答案C。該題考查形式主語。it為形式主語，that引導主語從句。因為謂語動詞是require(要求)，所以主語從句中用should虛擬語氣。

6. It is a pity (a shame…) that…

從句一般用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形)，should可省去。表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。

It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.

真遺憾，這樣的事情竟然發生在你們班。

7. It is time (about time， high time) that…

該句型中that后的從句應該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是① 常用過去時態表示虛擬。② 有時也用should+動詞原形，should不能省。常譯為“是(正是)……的時候……”。

It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.

孩子們該上床睡覺了。

【高考鏈接】 Isn’t it time you got down to ____ the papers?(2006重慶)

A. markB. be markedC. being marked D. marking

【典題解析】答案D。考生易誤以為考查動詞不定式結構而選A。其實本題考查短語get down to doing sth.的用法，意思是“開始認真對待某事”。注意句中的it isn’t time that…從句中用過去時或should+動詞原形。

8. It is the first (second…) time that…

該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態。如果主句是一般現在時，后面從句用現在完成時態;如果主句是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態。該結構中that可以省去;it有時用this/that替換。

It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been here.

我這是第一次來這里。

9. It is…since…

主句中是時間作表語，其時態是現在時或完成時，since引導的從句通常是一般過去時態，而且是瞬間動詞。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。

It is (has been) 5 years since his father died. 他父親已經死去五年了。

【高考鏈接】 Scientists say it may be five or six years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (2004福建)

A. since B. after C. before D. when

【典題解析】答案A。該題考查It is+時間段+since…句型，其意思是“自從……以來有一段時間了”。

10. It is…when…

該句型中when引導的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的it指時間，表語由具體的時間充當。常譯為“當……的時候，是……”。

It was 5 o’clock when he came here. 在五點鐘他來這了。

【高考鏈接】

——Did Jack come back early last night?

——Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.(2005福建)

A. before B. when C. that D. until

【典題解析】 答案B。該題考查It is+時間點+when…的意思是“當……的時候/時間……”。

11. It be…before…

該句型主句中的it指時間，主句中的時態常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態。主句中的表語多是long， not long， 3 days， 2 weeks 等表示時間段的詞或短語。常譯為“……之后……”。

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. 過了三天他去了北京。

It will be not long before he finishes his job. 不久他就會把活干完的。

【高考鏈接】

1) I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long， but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. (2008北京)

A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after

2)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again. (2007安徽)

A. afterB. before C. since D. when

【典題解析】答案A、B。兩題均考查It is+時間段+before…句型，其意思是“在……之前有一段時間”。

12. It happens (seems， looks， appears) that…

該句型中it是形式主語，that 引導的是主語從句，主句中的happen， seem等詞是不及物動詞。

It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.

碰巧在大街上遇到了他的老師。

It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看來過幾天他要回來了。

13. It takes sb. …to do sth.

該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時間。常譯為“做……要花費某人……”。

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

幾萬人花費了很多年的時間才修好了長城。

14. It is no good (use) doing sth.

該句型中的真正主語是動名詞短語，主句中的表語可以是no good， (not any good)， no use， (not any use)。

【高考鏈接】It is no ____ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.

(2006全國II)

A. use B. helpC. time D. way

【典題解析】答案A。此題考查It is no use/no good/useless…doing sth.的句式。

15. It doesn’t matter whether (if)…

該句型中whether (if) 引導的從句是真正主語，該句型常譯為“不論(是否)……沒關系”。

It doesn’t matter if they are old. 他們年紀大也沒有關系。

【高考鏈接】Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what ____ is what they do with it.(2007 湖北)

A. countsB. appliesC. stressesD. functions

【典題解析】答案A。count作不及物動詞表示“重要”。注意題干中的it doesn’t matter固定句式結構。

16. It is adj. of/for sb. to do sth.

該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。常見的有:bad， brave， careless， clever， cruel， foolish， good(好心的)， honest， horrible， kind， lazy， modest， naughty， nice(有教養的)， polite， rude， silly， stupid， wise， wrong(錯誤的)等。如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易度，安全性等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有:①important， necessary， natural ② easy， safe， common， normal， hard， difficult， dangerous， unusual， rare， impossible， pleasant等。

It is kind of you to visit me when I was ill. 感謝你在我生病時來看我。

It is important for her to come to the party.

=It is important that she(should) come to the party. 對她來說，出席這個晚會很重要。

【高考鏈接】

1)Would it be ____ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport? (2008山東)

A. freeB. vacantC. handyD. convenient

2)Jack is late again. It is ____ of him to keep others waiting. (2008江西)

A. normalB. ordinaryC. common D. typical

【典題解析】答案均為D。1) be convenient for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人做某件事方面”，形容詞convenient說明不定式的性質;be typical of“是……的特點”，形容詞typical說明所修飾詞的特征。

17. It looks (seems) as if…

該句型中it無意義。as if 引導一個狀語從句。常譯為，“看起來好像……”，如果與事實不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。

It looks as if he is ill. 他好象是病了。(真的病了)

It looks as if he were ill. 他似乎病了。(沒有生病)

It seemed as if he were dying. 他看起來要死了。

18. We think it important to learn a foreign language.

該句型中的it作形式賓語。為了方便記憶我們可稱該句型為“6123結構”:

6 指主句中常用的動詞:think， believe， make， find， consider， feel;

1 指的是形式賓語it;

2 指的是賓補的兩種形式:形容詞或名詞;

3 指的是真正賓語的三種形式:不定式短語，動名詞短語或that引導的賓語從句。

They made it a rule to get up at 6:00 every morning. 他們定了一條規則每天6點鐘起床。

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

他們發現很難在兩天之內完成任務。

【高考鏈接】

1) He found it increasingly difficult to read， ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

(2008山東)

A. thoughB. forC. butD. so

2)He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.(2007天津)

A. this B. that C. it D. these

【典題解析】答案為B， C。1)考查for引導的并列句表原因。 注意題干中的find it+adj. to do的結構。2)考查形式賓語it。

19. It is (just) like sb. to do sth.

該句型為“某人(恰恰)是……這個樣子”。用來表示贊揚或不滿，若用否定式，則表示懷疑。

It was just like him to think of helping her.像他這樣的人才會想到幫助她。

It isn’t like him to have said anything rude to you.

對你說粗話不像他那樣的人所做的。

【高考鏈接】

——Was Martin sorry for what he’d done?

——____. It was just like him! (2007安徽)

A. Never mindB. All rightC. Not reallyD. Not surprisingly

【典題解析】答案C。該題考查交際英語，同時也考查了省略句式，原句為He wasn’t really sorry for…注意題干中的It was just like him!意為:他恰恰是這個樣子。

20. It is up to sb. to do sth.

該句型為“該由某人做……”。該句型中up后的to是介詞。

It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天應由他做教室清潔。

It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 該由父母教孩子禮貌。

【高考鏈接】

——Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?

——Thank you. ____. (2005江西)

A. It couldn’t be betterB. Of course you can

C. If you likeD.It’s up to you

【典題解析】答案A。該題考查交際英語。A項用否定的比較級表示最高級。

21. It is one’s turn to do sth.

該句型為“輪到某人做……”。不定式是句子的真正主語。

It is your turn to clean our classroom today. 該輪到你打掃教室了。

22. It is no wonder that…難怪……

在該句型中如果用肯定形式，表示“真奇怪，真是令人驚訝”;wonder前的no還可以用small等詞替換，在口語中，It is…that可以省略。

It is a wonder that he refused such a good offer.讓人驚奇的是，他拒絕這么好的幫助。

It is no wonder that he didn’t want to go.=No wonder he didn’t want to go. 難怪他不想走。

【高考鏈接】He hasn’t slept at all for three days.____ he is tired out. (2005湖北)

A. There is no pointB. There is no need

C. It is no wonderD. It is no way

【典題解析】答案C。It is no wander that…表示“難怪……”。

23. We are counting on it that you will come.

該句型中的it是一個形式賓語，表示模糊意思或代替后面that 引導的賓語從句。在從句前加上一個形式賓語it，常見的短語和動詞有:count on(依靠，指望，期盼)， see to(負責)， depend on(依靠)， rely on(信賴，依靠)， look forward to(盼望)，等等。

You may rely on it that she won’t be late.你可以相信她不會遲到的。

I’ll see to it that everything is ready. 我保證一切都準備好。

還有一些動詞只能跟it+that從句而不能跟復合賓語。

I love/hate/like it that… 我喜歡/討厭……

I have/take it that…認為，猜想

【高考鏈接】

1) I ____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. (2005江西)

A. make B. lookC. takeD. think

2)I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山東)

A. thatB. itC. thisD. you

【典題解析】答案C， B。兩個題均考查it作形式賓語的用法。1)中take it表示“認為，猜想”，代替that賓語從句;2)題中的it替代if引導的賓語從句。

24. it 常用的固定搭配

⑴ make it

a. 在口語當中相當于succeed，表示:成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達。

It’s hard to make it to the top in show business. 演藝行業要達到頂峰是很不容易的。

【高考鏈接】

——I’m thinking of the test tomorrow. I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.

——____!I’m sure you’ll make it.(2006天津)

A. Go ahead B. Good luckC. No problemD. Cheer up

【典題解析】答案B。該題考查交際英語。Good luck表示祝愿對方的祝愿。注意題干中的make it， 其表示“成功做到……”。

b. 在口語中相當于fix the date for，表示“約定好時間”。

——Shall we meet next week?我們下周見面好嗎?

——OK. We just make it next Saturday. 好的。我們就定在下周六。

⑵ as it is…相當于in fact， in reality表示“事實上，實際情況是……”;相當于方式狀語從句，表示“照原樣”。

We had planned to finish the task today， but as it is we probably won’t finish it until next week. 我們本打算今天完成任務，但是事實上，我們下周才能完成。

【高考鏈接】

——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.

——____. The roads are too crowded as it is. (2005浙江)

A. All rightB. Exactly C. Go aheadD. Fine

【典題解析】 答案B。該題考查表示同意對方的觀點的交際英語。exactly“完全正確”。題干中的as it is表示“事實上”。

⑶ if it weren’t for…/if it hadn’t been for…用來引導虛擬語氣，相當于without，or but for，表示“如果不是……，要不是……”。

If it weren’t for Tom， I wouldn’t be alive today. 如果不是因為湯姆，我今天恐怕早死了。

【高考鏈接】If it were not for the fact that she ____ sing， I would invite her to the party.(2006福建)

A. couldn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’t D. might not

【典題解析】 答案C。雖然題干中用的虛擬語氣，但是the fact表示的具體事實，因此用can’t。注意題干中的If it weren’t for…結構， 表示“如果不是，要是不是”。

⑷ As it happened，… 在口語中，相當于it’s a pity that…，表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾”。

As it happened， they were out. 真不湊巧，他們出去了。

⑸ As it turned out./It was turned out that.在口語中，相當于it was found to be in the end，表示“最后被證明是……”。

As it turned out， his statement was 1.=It is turned out that his statement was 1.

后來證明他說的話是假的。

⑹ Take it/things easy. 相當于Don’t worry or don’t hurry. 用來勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔心，沉住氣”。

Just take it easy and tell me what exactly happened.

別緊張，確切的告訴我發生了什么事。

⑺ Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”

Believe it or not，Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.

信不信由你，下周日湯姆要和瑪麗結婚了。

【高考鏈接】

——It’s thirty years since we last met.(2006四川)

——But I still remember the story， believe it or not， ____ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when

【典題解析】 答案B。該題考查同位語從句that用來說明the story。題干中的believe it or not表示“信不信由你”。

⑻ It all depends/that all depends 在口語中，相當于It hasn’t been decided yet.表示“那得看情況，還沒有定下來”。

——Are you going to the countryside for holiday? 你準備到農村度假嗎?

——It/That all depends. 看情況而定。

【高考鏈接】

——How long are you staying?

——I don’t know. ____. (2004江蘇)

A. That’s OK B. Never mindC. It depends D. It doesn’t matter

【典題解析】答案C。It all depends/That all depends表示“那得看情況，還沒有定下來”。

⑼ It’s up to sb. 在口語中，相當于It’s decided by sb. 表示“由……決定，由……負責，取決于……”。

——Shall we go out for dinner? 我們出去吃飯好嗎?

——It’s up to you. 由你來定。

⑽ It is occurred to me that…表示“使我突然想起……”。

Didn’t it occur to you that he might be late? 你當時沒有想到他會遲到嗎?

It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.

我突然想到我們可以用電腦來做這項工作。