高中三冊Ｕｎｉｔｓ１５－１６疑難解析

Unit 15

1.As Kofi Annan， Secretary General of the United Nations said “…each contribution—no matter how small—can help make a difference.”正如聯合國秘書長科菲#8226;安南所說的那樣:“每一份貢獻——無論多么微不足道——都能創造出奇跡。”

contribution n.

(1)[U]捐助;[C]捐獻的錢(物品)

I give a ten-dollar contribution to the church every Sunday. 我每個星期日捐10美元給教會。

(2)貢獻，貢獻物

He has made great contributions to a space development program.

他對太空發展計劃有很大的貢獻。

[發散思維]contribute vt. vi.(+to)捐助;對……有貢獻;投稿給……;有助于，促進

contributor n.捐贈者，捐款人;投稿人 contributory adj.捐贈的，捐助的

no matter

(1)no matter與what/who/which/when/where/how等連用，表示“無論……，不管……”等意，引導讓步狀語從句。

No matter what he says， I won’t believe him. 無論他說什么，我都不會相信他。

No matter what difficulties you may meet， come to me for help.

無論你遇到什么困難，來找我好了。

He failed again and again no matter how hard he tried.

無論他怎么努力，結果卻總是一次又一次的失敗。

He left a bad name no matter where he stayed. 不管到了哪里，他總是臭名遠揚。

(2)no matter when(how， what， who， where， which)引導讓步狀語從句時，可以分別用whenever(however， whatever， whoever， wherever， whichever)這些從屬連詞代替。

Whoever wants to visit the museum， he is allowed.

無論什么人想參觀這個博物館，都是被允許的。

However hard she tried， nothing seemed to work. 不管她怎么努力，好像都沒什么效果。

(3)另外，whatever， whoever等從屬連詞還可以引導名詞性從句，該從句相當于anything that…， anyone who…等。這時不能用no matter what(who)等來代替。

Whoever wants to go there can sign here.=Anyone who wants to go there can sign here.

任何想去那兒的人都可以在這兒簽字(名)。

2. …and they are also discovering that being a volunteer brings many personal benefits. ……，他們也發現作為一名志愿者能使自己受益頗多。

benefit

(1)n.利益，恩惠，益處

I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language. 從學習外語中我獲得許多益處。

(2)vt.對……有益

The sea air will benefit you. 海洋空氣對你有益。

(3)vi.(因……)得到得益，受惠

I benefited enormously from my father’s advice. 我從父親的忠告中獲益很多。

Those Chinese students who go abroad at an early age benefit from mother tongue teaching.

那些年齡很小就出國的中國學生得益于母語教學。

[發散思維]beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的，有幫助的; beneficially adv.有益地

beneficiary n.受惠者，受益人

[開放思維]be of benefit to 對……有裨益/有好處; for the benefit of為了……(的利益)

3.Mr Zhao’s enthusiasm has inspired Lu Hao to concentrate more on history lessons… 趙先生(學習歷史)的熱情感染了陸皓，使他更專心地學習歷史……

inspire vt.

(1)振奮(人)，鼓舞，激勵

We were inspired by his speech. 我們被他的演說所激勵。

The teacher inspired us to greater efforts. 老師激勵我們更加努力。

(2)引發(某人的)(感情、思想等)，激起

The father inspired confidence in his son.=The father inspired his son with confidence.

那位父親激發了兒子的信心。

(3)賦予……靈感;使……成為原動力，促使

The memory of his childhood inspired his first novel. 兒時的回憶促使他寫成第一部小說。

[發散思維]inspiration n. 靈感，啟示; inspiring adj.鼓舞的，激勵的

inspired adj.(人、作品)得到靈感的，有靈感的，非常好的

concentrate

(1)vt. vi.集中(注意力、努力等于……上);專心，專注于

He concentrated his energies on/upon studying. 他把精力專注于研究上。

We concentrated on the task before us. 我們專注于眼前的任務。

(2)vt. vi.集中(于一點)，匯合

The soldiers concentrated outside the town for the attack.

士兵們集結在城鎮外圍，準備發動攻擊。

Authority was concentrated in the president. 政權集于總統一身。

[發散思維]concentrated adj.集中的;強烈的;濃縮的

concentration n.(注意力等的)集中，專心;(人口等的)集中;濃縮，濃度

[鏈接]concentrate one’s mind onfix one’s mind on/uponfocus one’s mind onapply one’s mind onput one’s heart into專心于……

4. Education is essential to poverty relief， … 想擺脫貧困，教育是絕對必要的，……

essential

(1)adj.必不可少的，絕對必要的，極為重要的

Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops. 陽光和水是作物生長所必不可少的。

(2)adj.本質的，根本的(通常置于名詞前)

There is no essential difference between the two methods.

這兩種方法本質上并沒有什么不同之處。

(3)n.本質，實質，要素，要點[C](通常用復數)

We’ve time to pack only the basic essentials. 我們只有整理基本要點的時間。

[開放思維]It is essential that… ……是絕對必要的。

It is essential (for sb.) to do… (某人)做……是絕對必要的。

5.Last month I took part in an event to help starving children in some of the least developed countries. 上個月，我參加了一項救助某些最不發達國家受餓兒童的活動。

starve

(1)vt.餓死

They got lost in the desert and starved to death. 他們在沙漠中迷了路，饑餓而死。

(2)vi.挨餓

What time’s dinner? I am starving! 什么時候開飯?我餓壞了!

(3)vt. 使挨餓，使餓死

The animals were left to starve to death. 那些動物只能等著餓死。

(4)vt.渴望，極需要

I’ve been starving to see you. 我一直很想與你見面。

[發散思維]starving adj.挨餓的; starvation n.饑餓，餓死

[開放思維]be starved of 缺乏;渴望，極需要(愛情等); starve for 急需，渴望; starve to death餓死

6.…， but it was about sixty years before people started to buy jeans for fashion as well as for work. ……，但在大約60年以后，人們才開始把牛仔褲既作為工作服裝又當成一種時尚服裝。

as well as

(1)和……一樣好

Jack does as well as Tom in the army. 杰克在軍隊中的表現和湯姆一樣好。

(2)既……又……;不僅……而且……([同] not only…but also…;[反]neither…nor…)

He gave me clothes as well as food. 他既給我食物，又給我衣服。

[開放思維]just as well 還是……好，不妨 as well還是……的好;也，又

<注意>主語后接as well as， with， together with， rather than， no less than， but， like， except， besides， along with， including等連接名詞時，謂語動詞與短語前面的名詞在人稱和數上保持一致。

辨析:as good as， as well as與as well

(1)as good as有兩種用法:good作為形容詞進行同等比較，意為“如同……一樣好”;作為固定詞組表示“實際上，事實上，和……幾乎一樣”，常放在所修飾的動詞、形容詞之前。

The place where we live is as good as the one where you live.

我們生活的地方和你們的一樣好。

What he did has as good as shown his attitude. 他的行為實際上已經表明了他的態度。

(2)as well as也有兩種用法:用于副詞同等比較，譯為“如同……一樣好”;作為一個復合并列連詞，表示“既……又……，不但……而且……”，連接兩個主語時，側重點在第一個主語，謂語應與第一個主語在人稱和數上保持一致。翻譯時，先譯后者，再譯前者。

You do as well as he does. 你做得如同他做得一樣好。

He as well as I is responsible for it. 對于這件事，不僅是我，他也有責任。

(3)as well只作副詞，有兩種意義:表示“還是……好”，常用于may或might句中;表示“同樣也”，相當于too，通常用于句末。

You might as well leave at once， for the headmaster prohibited students from coming in.

你最好還是馬上離開，因為校長不許學生進來。

Water is necessary for people; it is necessary for animals as well.

對人來講，水是必不可少的，對動物來說也是這樣。

7.This made jeans even more popular in the evenings and at weekends. 這使得牛仔褲在晚上和周末時更加流行。

even more popular更加流行

修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級的常見詞:

(1)a little， a bit等用于肯定句，表示程度較輕，可意為“有點兒，有些，稍微”。

This book is a little easier than that one for us to read.

對于我們來說，這本書讀起來比那本稍容易。

She arrived a bit earlier than expected. 她到的比預期的早點。

(2)much， a lot， rather， by far， a great deal， far等用于肯定句，可意為“……得多”。

He is much older， but much more energetic than I am.

他雖然年齡比我大，但精力比我充沛。

She is feeling a lot better today. 今天她感覺好多了。

I did rather worse this time. 這次我做得相當糟。

She speaks English far better than her classmates. 她的英語說得比她的同學好多了。

<注意>如果比較級前面沒有the，那么by far需后置;如果比較級前面有the，那么 by far常前置。by far也可以用于修飾最高級，其位置可前可后，且不與than連用。

He is taller than his brother by far. 他比他弟弟高得多。

She is by far the taller of the two sisters. 她顯然是兩姐妹中比較高的。

She is the best by far.=She is by far the best. 她顯然是最優秀的。

(3)even， still， all the等用于肯定句，表示“更加，甚至”。even常用于與另一事物比較，still常用于自身的比較。

That book is interesting， but this one is even more interesting.

那本書很有趣，但這本書更有趣。

The patient looked still worse today than yesterday. 今天病人的狀態看上去比昨天更差了。

As a result， the rich became all the richer. 結果，富人更加富裕了。

(4)no， not any用于否定句、疑問句，表示“一點也不，不比”。

We went no farther than the gate. 我們只走到門口。

(5)用“數詞+名詞”表示差額程度。

The river is two hundred metres longer than that one. 這條河比那條河長200米。

He is two years younger than I. 他比我小兩歲。

(6)用倍數表示相差程度。

This hall is two times larger than that one.=This hall is three times as large as that one.

=This hall is three times the size of that one. 這個大廳是那個的3倍大。

(7)用分數或百分比來表示差額程度。

The population of China is two fifths larger than that of that country.

中國的人口比那個國家的人口多五分之二。

This year we plan to produce 20% more computers than we did last year.

今年我們計劃比去年多生產20% 的計算機。

8.Denim jeans are a symbol of the global teenager and it seems likely that they will remain part of international youth culture for many years to come. 斜紋布的牛仔褲是全球青少年的一種象征，并且很有可能在未來的許多年里將仍是國際青少年文化的一部分。

likely

(1)adj.可能的

The train is likely to be late. 這趟火車很可能晚點。

(2)adj.有希望的

She is the most likely girl to win the prize. 她是最有希望得獎的女孩。

(3)be likely to do sth.很可能(發生某種情況)

Our team is likely to win the game. 這場比賽我們隊很可能贏。

(4)It is likely+that-從句

It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow. 明天我們很可能去森林里野餐。

[發散思維]

unlikely adj.不可能的 fatherly adj.父親般的，慈愛的

lovely adj.可愛的motherly adj.母親般的

deadly adj.致命的，極度的ugly adj.丑陋的

friendly adj.友好的sisterly adj.姐妹般的，像姐妹的

lively adj.活潑的，活躍的，栩栩如生的brotherly adj.兄弟般的，親切的

manly adj.男子氣概的，果斷的lonely adj.孤獨的，寂寞的

Unit 16

9.…he wanted to wear the red shirt and score goals at the famous Old Trafford Stadium in front of thousands of cheering fans. ……他想穿著紅色球衣，并在著名的老特拉福德足球場當著成千上萬歡呼的球迷的面踢球得分。

the red shirt曼聯隊隊服(上衣)是紅色的

Old Trafford Stadium老特拉福德球場，英格蘭足球超級聯盟勁旅曼徹斯特聯隊的主場。位于英國曼徹斯特西部的老特拉福德地區，建于1909年，有68000個座位。第二次世界大戰期間曾被嚴重毀壞。老特拉福球場是1966年世界杯足球的比賽場地之一。

in front of 在……前面; in the front of在……內部的前面

The teacher spoke to us in the front of the classroom.

老師在教室的前面與我們交談。

There is a big tree in front of the classroom. 在教室前面有一棵大樹。

[開放思維]有the無the意義截然不同:

out of the question不可能out of question毫無疑問in the charge of 由……管理，由……負責in charge of負責(某事)

in hospital(生病)住院 in the hospital 在醫院里by the sea 在海邊by sea乘船，經海路

in the secret 知道這個秘密，參與此事in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地 in the case of 就……而言in case of以防，萬一

in the care of 由……照看或管理in care of (信)由……轉交in the issue結果 in issue在爭議中

10.David Beckham accomplished his aim， but what about all the other children with the same dream? 大衛#8226;貝克漢姆達到了他的目標，但是其他懷有同樣夢想的孩子們怎么樣呢?

accomplish vt.完成(任務)，達到;做成

[發散思維]

accomplished adj.竣工的;有才藝的，有造詣的; accomplishment n.完成;成就，成績

It was a great accomplishment to finish the house cleaning in two days.

兩天內打掃完這棟屋子是件了不起的事。

辨析:accomplish， complete與finish

(1)accomplish后通常接task， aim， journey， voyage等名詞。

Give us one more week， and we will accomplish the task.

再給我們一周的時間，我們就能完成這項任務。

(2)complete比accomplish具體，后可接建筑、工程、書籍等名詞，指按預期的目的把未完成的工作經過進一步的努力使之完成，主要含義是“補足缺少的部分”。

I need one more stamp before my collection is completed. 我集的郵票還差一張才完整。

(3)finish許多情況下可與complete換用，但它不如complete正式，常含有“認真仔細地完成工作的最后階段的精工修飾，使之完美”。

I will go to see you when you finish the training course.

當你完成培訓課程時我就會去看你。

[開放思維]be accomplished in… 擅長……; be good at… 擅長……

11.Instead the employers—the football clubs—find players with the right abilities and offer them employment. 相反，雇主，也就是足球俱樂部，去發現有所需能力的球員，然后雇用他們。

instead adv.代替;反而

He is tired， so let me go instead. 他累了，因此讓我替他去吧。

She never studies. Instead， she plays tennis all day. 她從不學習，而是整天打網球。

<注意>instead與instead of表達同樣的意思時，句子的結構不同。在上個例句中，也可以換用instead of 來表達。instead是副詞，單獨位于句首或句尾，因此在表達上句漢語意思時，使用了兩個獨立的英文句子。instead of用在名詞、代詞或短語之前。

She plays tennis all day instead of studying. 她整天打網球，而不學習。

offer v.

(1)給予

I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。

(2)提供，建議

offer to do sth.(主動)提出要做某事

She offered to carry the box for her mother. 她提出要幫她母親搬箱子。

[鏈接]

(1)offer還有“出(價)，開(價)，提供，出售”的意思。

We offered him the house for ￡1000. 我們要價1000英鎊賣給他那所房子。

We offered him ￡1000 for the house. 我們出價1000英鎊向他買那所房子。

(2)offer也可作名詞，意為“提供，提議，提出;意圖，想做;報價，開價，求婚”。

He accepted an offer of help. 他接受了援助的建議。

12.Top players must have excellent ball control and understand how to use the space on the pitch， … 頂級運動員必須有極好的控球能力并懂得如何利用足球場地，……

“疑問詞+不定式短語”作understand的賓語。疑問詞后面可接帶to的動詞不定式構成特殊的不定式短語，這一結構在句中可作主語、表語、動詞賓語、雙重賓語、介詞賓語等成分。能夠接不定式的疑問詞常見的有:who， which， what， when， where， how等，此外，whether后面也可接帶to的動詞不定式。

(1)作主語(主語的謂語動詞通常用單數)

Where to go tomorrow has not been decided. 明天到什么地方去尚未決定。

How to divide labor among the workers is still a question.

這些工人之間如何分工仍是個問題。

(2)作動詞賓語

能夠接“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語的動詞常見的有:advise， ask， consider， decide， discuss， explain， forget， know， learn， remember， show， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。

He has to learn how to collect water， hunt for food， and make fire.

他得學會如何收集淡水、尋找食物和生火。

(3)作雙重賓語

某些動詞后面可接“sb.+疑問詞+不定式”構成的雙重賓語，這類動詞常見的有advise， ask， show， teach， tell等。

He will advise you what to do. 他會建議你們做什么。

Will you show me how to use this machine? 你能給我們示范如何使用這部機器嗎?

(4)作介詞賓語

某些介詞后面可接“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語，這類介詞常見的有about， as， from， in， of， on， with等。

You also need to learn the basic skills of rafting， such as how to handle the raft， how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft. 你還需要學習基本劃木筏的技巧，比如駕馭木筏的方法，劃槳方法，上下木筏的方法。

(5)作表語

Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.

也許最難熬的挑戰就是生活中孤獨無友。

13.…， but it is not just what they do with their feet that counts. ……，但這不是光憑他們的腳下工夫就行的。

that counts是定語從句，修飾what they do with their feet， count的意思是“起作用，有價值”。

In an emergency case， every minute counts. 在緊急情況下，每一分鐘都很寶貴。

Here it’s my words that count. 這里是我說了算。

[開放思維]count數，計數; beyond count不計其數，數不盡; count down倒著數; countdown倒計時; count for little簡直無足輕重; count for much 關系重大，很有價值; count for nothing毫無價值; Count off!(口令)報數!; count on/upon依靠，期待，指望; count…out把……不計算在內; count…in把……計算在內

14.If the players are under sixteen， they still go to school but take part in club training sessions in the evenings and paly in the junior team at weekends. 如果球員年齡低于16歲，除了晚上參加俱樂部訓練以及周末參加初級班踢球外，他們仍然要上學。

but在這里用作并列連詞，另外but也可作介詞，意思是“除了”。

Nobody knew it but me. 除了我以外，沒有人知道這件事。

It’s anything but bad. 這完全不是什么壞事。

Last evening I did nothing but watch TV. 昨晚我除了看電視，沒有做其他的事情。

We have no choice but to wait. 除了等待，我們別無選擇。

[鏈接]but的特殊用法:

(1)but用在否定句后，引起一個分句，意為“每當……總是……”。如:

It never rains but it pours. 不下則已，一下傾盆/事情總是接踵而至。

I never go past my old school but I think of Mr. Li.

每當我經過母校時，總會想起李老師。

(2)but for(后常接名詞、代詞)或but that…意為“要不是……”，句子(主句)常用虛擬語氣。如:

But for you， we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你，我們不可能完成那項計劃。

John would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.

要不是約翰當時缺錢，他一定會幫助我們的。

(3)not that…but (that)… 不是……而是……

Not that I don’t want to go， but that I have no time. 不是我不想去，而是我沒時間。

(4)all but除了……都，幾乎，差不多

His letter is all but finished. 他的信快寫完了。

(5)anything but 絕不，遠非

He is anything but an honest man. 他絕不是個誠實的人。

15.This is your chance to persuade an employer or educator what a great addition to their company， organization， college or university you would be.這是你說服雇主或教育界人士，讓他們相信你會成為他們公司、機構、學院或大學的重要一部分的機會。

persuade vt.

(1)說服，勸服(+賓語)

Despite all my efforts to persuade him， he wouldn’t agree.

盡管我竭盡全力勸他，他還是不同意。

(2)persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

I persuaded him of its truth. 我使他相信了這件事情的真相。

(3)persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事

I persuade him to give up the attempt. 我勸他放棄這個嘗試。

(4)persuade sb. into/out of doing sth. 說服某人做/不做某事

He persuaded her into/out of going to the party. 他說服她參加/不參加這次聚會。

(5)persuade用作不及物動詞時，意思是“被說服”，在含義上有被動的意思，但不是被動語態。

He persuades easily. 他容易被說服。

16.…giving evidence of how your interests， qualifications or experience prove that you have the necessary skills. ……通過展示你的興趣、資格和經驗以證明你具備所需的能力。

prove

(1)vt.證明，證實

①prove+名詞/代詞

He has proved his courage in battle. 他已在戰斗中證明了他的勇氣。

②prove+從句

I will prove to the world that he is right. 我將向全世界證明他是對的。

③prove+賓語+賓補

One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad.

一次瘋狂的行為不足以證明一個人是瘋子。

(2)vi.(加表語)后來表明;結果是;原來是;果然是(無被動形式)

He proved a very good friend. 他的確是個很好的朋友。

Perhaps the book will prove (to be) useful， after all. 也許這本書終究會被證明是有用的。