Unit 15
1.acknowledge的用法
acknowledge vt.①承認(rèn),承認(rèn)……的權(quán)威(或主張);②告知已收到,確認(rèn);③對(duì)……表示謝忱,報(bào)償
搭配It is universally acknowledged that… ……是大家所公認(rèn)的
acknowledge one’s defeat 承認(rèn)失敗
acknowledge (the receipt of) a letter
表示收到來信
acknowledge the applause謝幕
acknowledge a favour答謝所受到關(guān)照
acknowledge sb. with… 用……對(duì)某人表示感謝
We acknowledge the need for reform.
我們承認(rèn)有改革的必要。
I acknowledge the truth of your statement.
我承認(rèn)你的陳述是真實(shí)的。
<小試牛刀>His long service with the company was ____ with a present.
A. admittedB. acknowledged
C. attributedD. accepted
解析:句意:由于他長(zhǎng)期為公司服務(wù),因而公司向他贈(zèng)送了一件禮物以表謝忱。acknowledge此處意為“對(duì)……表示謝忱”,與with a present“用一件禮品”意義相配。admit“承認(rèn)(事實(shí)、過失等)”,attribute“把……歸因于”,accept意為“接受、認(rèn)可”。答案為B。
2.mature與ripe的區(qū)別
mature adj.成熟的,充分發(fā)育的,vi. vt.(使)成熟ripe adj. 成熟的,熟的
作形容詞,mature和ripe都有“熟的,成熟的”之意,主要區(qū)別如下:
ripe主要用于果實(shí)成熟,可以食用;也用于谷物成熟,可以收獲。
mature則應(yīng)用范圍較廣,不僅指果實(shí)、谷物的成熟,而且泛指動(dòng)植物的成熟。
The peaches are not mature/ripe. 桃子還沒成熟。
You are a mature man now; you are no longer a boy.
你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是成人了,不再是孩子了。
His character matured during these years. 這些年他的性格成熟了。
<小試牛刀>I am ____ enough to make up my own mind. You do not need to teach me.
A. grownB. ripeC. matureD. growing
解析:句意:我足以成熟由自己作決定,你不必教我。grown發(fā)育完全的,成人的;ripe修飾人時(shí),主要指有經(jīng)驗(yàn)或年事高;mature用于人時(shí)指生理和智力發(fā)展到了成年。答案為C。
3.approve 的用法
approve vt.①贊成,同意;②批準(zhǔn),核準(zhǔn),對(duì)……表示認(rèn)可 vi.(of)贊成,稱許
搭配approve of sth.贊同,支持某事; approve of (sb.’s) doing sth.贊同,支持(某人)做某事;approve(doing) sth.批準(zhǔn)做某事; approve a plan/bill批準(zhǔn)一個(gè)計(jì)劃; approve of A’s marriage to B同意A與B的婚姻
The committee didn’t approve of the decision. 委員會(huì)不贊成這個(gè)決定。
My parents don’t approve of me smoking cigarettes. 我的父母不準(zhǔn)許我吸煙。
<小試牛刀>Do you think the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea will ____ all the contents of the Korean nuclear issue?
A. approveB. be approvedC. be approved of D. approve of
解析:approve意為“贊同,贊許”,多作不及物動(dòng)詞,和of連用。答案D。
4.possess的用法
possess vt.擁有;具有 possess oneself自制
搭配名詞:possession所有,擁有;財(cái)產(chǎn),所有物; be possessed of擁有,具有,享有; possess oneself of取得,把……占為己有; possess sb. of sth.使某人擁有; in possession of sth.占有某物; take possession of擁有,占領(lǐng)
The police asked me if I possessed a gun. 警察問我是否擁有一支槍。
She was found in possession of dangerous drugs. 她被發(fā)現(xiàn)藏有危險(xiǎn)藥品。
<小試牛刀>The English language ____ a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation.
A. ownsB. containsC. holdsD. possesses
解析:possess占有,擁有,既可指某人對(duì)某物具有所有權(quán)和支配權(quán),又可指具有才華、特點(diǎn)、品質(zhì)、性格、財(cái)產(chǎn)等;own擁有,表示合法或天生地?fù)碛心澄铮荒苡糜诔橄笠饬x;contain 包含、容納,強(qiáng)調(diào)包含于某一事物中;hold擁有、持有,指更有力地控制、掌握或保持。答案為D。
5.fit in (with)的用法
搭配fit in (with) 與……相適應(yīng),與……相協(xié)調(diào); fit in 適應(yīng),協(xié)調(diào); fit in with sb.與某人相協(xié)調(diào); fit in with sth.與某事物相適應(yīng)、協(xié)調(diào)
Mary joined the local drama club but didn’t seem to fit in, so she left.
瑪麗參加了當(dāng)?shù)氐膽騽【銟凡浚坪醪贿m應(yīng)那里的環(huán)境,因此就退出了。
His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法,同我們的目標(biāo)不完全一致。
<小試牛刀>He’s never done this type of work before; I’m not sure how he’ll ____ the other employees.
A. fit inB. fit withC. fit toD. fit in with
解析:fit in with sb.與某人相協(xié)調(diào)/配合好。答案為D。
6.apply的用法
搭配apply (to sb.) for(向……)申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求; apply…to把……應(yīng)用于,運(yùn)用; apply to適用于; apply oneself to…專注于……
We should apply to the publishers for permission to reprint an extract.
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)向出版者請(qǐng)求準(zhǔn)予轉(zhuǎn)印節(jié)錄。
The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.
這項(xiàng)研究成果能應(yīng)用于新的技術(shù)開發(fā)方面。
You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work.
你只有真正專心致志用功,考試才能及格。
<小試牛刀>He is from a poor family, and has to ____ the bank ____ a loan to finish his college education.
A. apply; toB. apply to; forC. apply; forD. apply to; to
解析:apply to…for向……申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求;apply for申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求;apply…to把……應(yīng)用于;apply to適用于;根據(jù)句意“他家里貧窮,不得不向銀行貸款以完成大學(xué)教育”。故B正確。
7.straight away的用法
straight away立刻地;毫不猶豫地
以下短語也有“立刻,馬上”之意at once; right away; immediately; without delay毫不遲疑
I’ll do it straight away if you’re in a hurry. 你如果趕時(shí)間的話,我立刻就做。
I want it typed straight away, please. 請(qǐng)立即把它打印出來。
<小試牛刀>——Can you order me a taxi, please?
——____, sir.
A. Straight awayB. Without delayC. Right now D. At this moment
解析:straight away立刻、馬上;without delay毫不猶豫地;right now=at this moment=now現(xiàn)在,就在此時(shí);根據(jù)上下文語境,回答是:“好的,先生,立刻就辦。”答案為A。
Unit 16
8.adore的用法
adore vt. 熱愛,敬仰; adore+名詞/doing非常喜歡
注意adore不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。
He adores his father. 他敬愛他的父親。
He gave her an adoring look. 他向她投以愛慕的一瞥。
She adores the cinema/going to the cinema. 她非常喜歡看電影。
9.vacant與empty和blank的區(qū)別
vacant/empty/blank這三個(gè)詞都有“空著的”之意,但含義不同,區(qū)別如下:
1)vacant較為正式,指“地方(暫時(shí))沒被占用而空著的”
搭配a vacant room/house空房間/空房子;a vacant seat/table沒人占用的座位/桌子;a vacant job/position空缺職位;
2)empty是常用語,指“空間內(nèi)無人無物的”
搭配an empty wallet一個(gè)空錢包;an empty house空無一人的房子;an empty bus無乘客的公共汽車
3)blank指“表面上沒有任何東西”或“表面是空白的”
搭配a blank form空白的表格,a blank sheet of paper一張白紙;a blank check空白支票
The top post in the delegation was still vacant. 代表團(tuán)中的最高職位仍舊空著。
Is the box empty? 那箱子是空的嗎?
When I tried to remember his name, my mind was a complete blank.
當(dāng)我試圖回憶他的名字時(shí),腦子里卻是一片空白。
<小試牛刀>The headmaster was dismissed three months ago. The post is too important to leave ____ any longer, especially before the college entrance examination.
A. aloneB. emptyC. vacantD. occupied
解析:vacant意為(工作)空缺的; alone單獨(dú)的; occupy“占領(lǐng)領(lǐng)土(侵犯主權(quán))”。答案為C。
10.assess的用法
assess vt.①對(duì)……進(jìn)行估價(jià),確定……的數(shù)額;②評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)估
搭配assess the value of sth. at…把某物估價(jià)為……,估計(jì)某物的價(jià)值為……;assess the damage估計(jì)損失; assess sb.’s ability評(píng)估某人的能力。
擴(kuò)展assessment n.估價(jià),評(píng)價(jià) assessment of results成果評(píng)價(jià)
My income was assessed at 20,000 dollars. 我的收入被評(píng)定為兩萬美元。
My lawyer assessed the value of my company at £700,000.
我的律師估價(jià)我公司的價(jià)值為70萬英鎊。
<小試牛刀>It’s too early to ____ the effects of the new law.
A. findB. seeC. guessD. assess
解析:句意為:要評(píng)價(jià)新法律的效果現(xiàn)在還為時(shí)過早。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有assess有“評(píng)價(jià),估計(jì)”之意。答案為D。
11.nevertheless的用法
nevertheless adv. 仍然,然而,不過 conj. 雖然如此
nevertheless為表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞,多插在兩個(gè)句子中間;當(dāng)句子用連詞連接時(shí),則置于表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的句子中間。
My failure in the exam is not unexpected. Nevertheless, it is very disappointing.
我考試不及格是意料中的事,不過仍然讓人很不痛快。
以上例句也可以改寫為:My failure in the exam is not unexpected but(it is) nevertheless very disappointing./While my failure in the exam is not unexpected, it is nevertheless disappointing.
nevertheless有時(shí)也用于句尾。
Although he is hot-tempered, I like him nevertheless. 盡管他脾氣暴躁,我還是喜歡他。
<小試牛刀>This year’s fall in profits was not unexpected. ____ it is very disappointing.
A. YetB. ButC. AlsoD. Nevertheless
解析:句意:今年利潤(rùn)下降并不出乎意料,然而它令人非常失望。nevertheless然而;but, yet前面一般是逗號(hào),與后面句子之間不用逗號(hào)。答案D。
12.hold的用法
hold back 退縮;躊躇;阻止(礙),阻擋hold up興起,阻礙,使停頓,搶劫,支撐
hold on堅(jiān)持下去,別掛斷電話hold out堅(jiān)持,維持,伸出,提出
hold on to抓住不放,不肯出手,不出讓,不放棄擁有
The police were unable to hold back the crowd. 警方不能阻擋住人群。
He held up one finger and showed it to the class. 他舉起一個(gè)手指,向大家晃了晃。
The traffic was held up by an accident. 因?yàn)橐粓?chǎng)事故,交通被阻塞了。
<小試牛刀>She ____, not knowing how to break the terrible news.
A. held up B. held outC. held backD. held on
解析:本題考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。hold up興起、阻礙;hold out伸出;hold on堅(jiān)持下去;hold back躊躇。根據(jù)“not know…”可知,她躊躇著。答案為C。