摘要: 顏色的象征意義在不同民族語言中往往有不同的特點,本文通過列舉例句,重點闡述了白色、黑色、紅色、綠色、藍色、褐色、黃色和粉紅色在中英文中的文化差異。
關鍵詞: 顏色詞 漢譯 文化差異
在漢英語言中,表示各種色彩的詞都很豐富。顏色詞除了表示其具體實際的色彩外,還會由于不同國家的不同文化而具有不同的涵義。因為顏色的象征意義在不同民族語言中往往有不同的特點,有些特點甚至構成了人們對經過引申、轉義以后顏色的崇尚和禁忌。這是我們在學習過程中不能小視的。
顯然,每一種顏色的英文單詞都可以找到其相對應的漢語單詞。但這并不等于兩者具有相同的文化含義。以白色為例,在英國,白色往往表示“純真”、“崇高”、“吉祥”、“幸福”之意。如:a white day意為“吉日”或“喜慶的日字”。而白色在中國,卻沒有那么“吉利”。如“一窮二白”、“白忙活了”、“往來無白丁”、“唱白臉”等。可見,同樣的色彩在不同的文化背景下,被賦予了不同的涵義。我們不能簡單地本著對漢語中顏色詞的理解去跟英語里的顏色詞對號入座。
那么,在英語里,不同的顏色到底有怎樣不同的引申意義呢?下面,我們就通過列舉例句,重點了解一下英文中白色(white)、黑色(black)、紅色(red)、綠色(green)、藍色(blue)、褐色(brown)、黃色(yellow)和粉紅色(pink)。
一、白色(White)
1.She wants to marry a white man.
她想嫁給一個老實人。(white man:可靠的、實在的人)
2.When he planned to sell his house,his expensive furniture became white elephants.
他想要賣房子的時候,他的昂貴的家具成了累贅。(white elephant:負擔,累贅之物。由于“white elephant”有上述的意思,因而出現了“a white elephant sale”即“白象義賣”。不過這種以慈善為目的的義賣,所賣的不是白象,而是有心人士所捐出的家里不再需要的物品。)
3.She is the white-headed boy of the new age.
她是新一代中的寵兒。(white-headed boy:寵兒)
4.The judge will treat us white.
法官會公正地對待我們。(white:公正,公平)
5.The children have bled their parents white.
父母的一切都為孩子花光了。(white:一窮二白)
6.He wants to have a white-collar job and sit in an office all day.
他愿意做一份文職工作,整天坐在辦公室里。(white-collar job:從事腦力勞動的工作)
7.LiuXiang is taken as the white hope of the Chinese track and field.
劉翔被認為是能給中國田徑帶來榮譽的人。(white hope:被寄予厚望的人)
8.Sometimes we have to tell white lies.
有時,我們被迫要講些善意的謊言。(white lies:無惡意的謊言)
9.According to Zulu rules,a soldier who showed the white feather in battle would be punished to death.
根據祖魯族的規定,臨陣畏縮的士兵將被處死。(white feather:膽小,怯懦)
二、黑色(Black)
1.He will be sentenced by his black deed.
他會因為自己極其惡劣的行為而受到宣判。(black deed:極其惡劣的行為)
2.Don’t always give black words to the others.
不要總是對別人說不吉利的話。(black words:不吉利的話)
3.I want your assurance in black and white.
我要你作出書面保證。(black and white:白紙黑字)
4.He fell off the truck black and blue.
他從卡車上掉下來,遍體鱗傷。(black and blue:身上青一塊紫一塊的)
5.Please blacked out the words you don’t want.
請涂掉你不想要的詞。(black out:抹去,出去,終止)
6.He got the black dog on his back from overwork.
他因為過度疲勞,而感到沮喪。(black dog:沮喪,意志消沉)
7.He was the black sheep.
他是一個害群之馬。(black sheep:敗家子,害群之馬)
8.Last time I saw him,he gave me a black look.
上次我見到他,他對我怒目而視。(black look:怒目而視)
三、紅色(Red)
1.He waste his youth in a red light district.
他把自己的青春浪費在花街柳巷。(red light district:紅燈區)
2.That was a red battle.
那是一場血戰。(red:暴力,血腥)
3.When he kept criticizing me,l really saw red.
當他不停地批評我的時候,我真的憤怒了。(see red:發怒)
4.He was treated to the red-carpet in the ceremony.
在慶典上,他受到了隆重的接待。(redcarpet:隆重的接待)
5.4 July was a red-letter day in the history of America.
七月四日是美國歷史上值得紀念的日子。(red-letter day:大喜之日)
6.A thief was caught red-handed when stealling on bus.
一個竊賊在公交車上偷竊時候,當場被抓。(red-handed:當場,現行)
7.My face was red when you say you love me for the first time.
當你第一次說你愛我的時候,我很難為情。(red:害羞,臉紅)
8.There is too much red-tape in obtaining an identity card.
領身份證的手續實在太繁瑣了。(red-tape:繁文縟節)
9.They had to sell the firm because they had operated it in the red for years.
由于幾年來他們經營的這家公司一直虧損,他們不得不把它賣掉。(in the red:虧損)
10.Every time we get together,he wants to paint the town red.
每次聚會,他都要痛飲一番。(paint the town red:狂歡,胡鬧)
四、綠色(Green)
1.He is still green to this job.
他對這份工作尚無經驗。(green:生疏,無經驗的)
2.Do you really see any green in her eyes?
你真的認為她幼稚可欺嗎?(green:稚嫩的)
3.If you want to be a successful gardener,of course you’ve gotto have green fingers.
假如你想當個稱職的園丁,那你就得有園藝技能。(green fingers:園藝能手)
4.She is a green hand in teaching English.
在英語教學中,他還是個生手。(green hand:生手,新手)
5.Mother gave us the green light to go to a camping trip last summer.
去年夏天媽媽準許我們去露營。(green light:許可)
6.He is a green-eyed monster.
他是個愛嫉妒別人的人。(green-eyed:嫉妒的)
五、藍色(Blue)
1.He was punished because of his watching blue movies.
他因為看色情電影而受罰。(blue movie:色情電影)
2.Lots of people worry about the blue revolution.
很多人在擔心“性解放”。(blue revolution:性解放)
3.Tess’father was very proud of his blue blood of D’Urbervilles.
苔絲的父親因出身名門貴族德伯家而倍感驕傲。(blue blood:貴族血統)
4.She is looking extremely blue.
她看上去十分沮喪。(look blue:沮喪,憂郁)
5.It’s once in a blue moon that you get a chance like that.
你得到的是個千載難逢的機會。(once in a blue moon:千載難逢,難得一遇的)
6.True blue will never stain.
真金不怕火煉。(true blue:不會褪色的藍,引申為真金)
7.She fell off the chair and was blue in the face.
她從椅子上摔下來,臉色發青。(be blue in the face:臉色發青,突然變色)
8.She always read like a blue streak.
她看書總是飛快的。(blue streak:一閃而過的東西,行動很快的人或物)
9.The news strikes everybody in the town,just like a bolt out of the blue.
這消息對村子里的每個人來說都如同是晴天霹靂。(out of the blue:突然地,出乎意料的)
10.The falling flowers always gives sister Lin the blues.
落花總是給林妹妹帶來憂郁。(blue:憂郁,抑郁)
六、褐色(Brown)
1.You look brown after summer vacation.
暑假回來你看上去曬黑了哦。(brown:曬得黝黑)
2.It is difficult to attract his attention,when he was in a brown study.
在他沉思默想的時候,你很難吸引他的注意力。(be in a brown study:沉思,空想)
3.In autumn,the leaves browned slowly.
秋天,樹葉漸漸枯了。(brow:變成褐色)
4.Believe it or not,everyone of us are done brown.
信不信由你,我們都上當了。(do brown:使上當)
5.When she is on duty,she always does it up brown.
輪到她值班的時候,總是干得很出色。(do up brown:干得好,做事徹底。)
6.Aim at just one bird,don’t blaze into the brown.
瞄準一只打,不要射擊鳥群。(blaze into the brown:射擊一群鳥)
七、黃色(Yellow)
1.She is too yellow to stand up and fight for her own right.
她太膽怯,不敢奮起為自己的權利而抗爭。(yellow:怯懦)
2.He has a yellow streak in him.
他膽小。(yellow streak:膽小)
3.Anyone who is likely to turn yellow when the testing-time comes will be refused by our company.
任何面對考驗可能畏縮不前的人都將被我公司拒之門外。(turn yellow:害怕,畏懼)
4.No one wants to make friends with Joy for he is a yellow dog.
沒有人愿意跟喬伊做朋友,因為他是個卑鄙小人。(yellow dog:小人,卑鄙的人)
八、粉紅色(Pink)
1.His wife is a pink-collar worker in the company.
他的妻子是那個公司的高層次女秘書。(pink-collar:粉領麗人,職業女性)
2.You look pink today.
你今天看上去氣色不錯。(pink:皮膚呈現紅潤、健康的色澤)
3.To me,she is the pink of perfection.
對我而言,她就是個十全十美的人。(pink of perfection:完美)
4.I will never forget the pink of politeness of him when we first meet in the railway station.
我永遠不會忘記,第一跟他在火車站相遇時,他的彬彬有禮。(pink:象征極致)
5.She is dressing up for a pink tea.
她在為參加一個上流社交活動而盛裝打扮。(pink:上流社會)
通過上面的例句,我們不難看出,英語中詞匯的魅力,并不在于它的字面意義。正是詞匯背后的含蓄、引申、升華,使我們的英語交流變得生動、有趣、幽默、親切,使我們的英語學習變得更加地豐富多彩。
參考文獻:
[1]王同憶主編.英漢辭海.國防工業出編社,1987年.
[2]陸谷孫主編.英漢大詞典.上海譯文出版社,1993年.
[3]Judy Pearsall,The New Oxford Dictionary of English,上海外語教育出版社,2001年.