英語應用能力Ａ級考試聽力試題分析與解題技巧

摘要： 本文針對高職院校學生參加的英語應用能力A級考試聽力部分的試題進行了細致分析，并結合多年教學經驗總結出一些實用高效的解題技巧。

關鍵詞： 高職學生 A級聽力 分析 解題技巧

英語應用能力考試（Practical English Test For Colleges）是高職院校學生參加的英語等級考試，分為A、B兩個等級。其中A級考試類似于過去的大學英語三級(CET-3)。聽力考試是第一大項，聽力試題難度適中，相當于甚至低于高考英語的聽力難度。下面分析一下A級聽力考試的題型，并結合筆者多年教學經驗總結一些解題技巧。

A級聽力分為三個部分，共15個小題，十道單選，五道填空。每題一分。

一、Section A

Section A聽短對話并回答問題，只讀一遍。每組對話一般是在一男一女之間進行的一問一答。問題一般由先講話的人提出。題目均以問句形式出現，其中多數是特殊疑問句。這些問題涉及的內容大致歸納如下：

１）問“是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類”等，如：

What is the woman’s answer?

What does the woman want for supper?

What are the two speakers talking about?

What kind of books does the man want to buy?

２）問“做什么”，如：

What does the woman tell the man to do first?

What are the speakers doing now?

What are the two speakers probably going to do?

３）問“什么含義”，如：

What does the man mean (imply)?

What kind of jacket does the woman suggest?

４）問“從對話中能獲得什么信息或結論”，如：

What can we learn from the conversation?

What happened to the two speakers?

５）問“對某人或某事有什么看法”，如：

What do we know about Doctor Smith?

What does the woman think of the plan?

6)問“對話可能是在什么場所發生的”，如：

Where does this conversation most probably take place?

Where does this conversation most likely occur?

Where are the man and woman?

7）問時間，如：

When did the movie finally start?

When will the lecture begin?

8)問原因，也可以問目的，如：

Why is the man late?

Why did the man repair the car by himself?

9)問對話者某一方的身份、對話人之間的關系，如：

Who is the man?

What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?

10） 問做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如：

How did the man go to Beijing?

How does the man usually go to work?

11） 問“對某事的感受如何”，如：

How does the man feel about the movie?

How do you like the report?

常見的解題技巧

聽力考試第一步要做的事就是掃視材料，預測內容 。當廣播中朗讀聽力要求時，我們要充分利用這個時間，迅速掃視書面文字中的題干及選項，通過掃視聯系上下文，有根據地預測文段發生的時間、場所、人物，并預測出談話的大致內容。并且，在掃視中我們對提出的問題尤其要注意。這樣做的結果是聽錄音時我們可以有的放矢，做到有備而來，心中有數。也消除緊張情緒。SectionＡ中的對話比較簡短，有時能從聽到的內容中找到與選擇項內容完全相同的部分，但有些情況下，往往不能找到，即對話中一般沒有現成的答案。因此，在聽的時候要注意抓住選擇項的同義或反義詞（組）用辨別法答題，或根據對話內容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。另外要學會取舍，抓住關鍵詞，理解內容 。聽力考試中最忌諱的就是詞詞計較，力求聽懂所有詞。其實，沒必要聽懂所有詞，也不可能聽懂所有詞。我們在日常生活中聽中文時，無論聽什么，注意力都不會在每一個字或詞上面，而是對文段或對話內容的整體的理解上。何況我們聽的是英文，在英文句子中，對不同的詞本身就有弱讀和重讀。關鍵詞一般是動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實義詞及相互的短語，還要注意but， though等表示轉折含義的虛詞。以下為近年考試真題。

W: Tim， could you type the report again?

M: Certainly， I’ll do it right away.

Q: What will the man do?

A) Write a report.B) Type a report.

C) Check a report.D) Read a report.

對話中“ Could you type the report again?”（你能把這份報告再打一遍嗎？），句中關鍵詞為type，這句話直接地表明要打印而不是去寫、讀、核對這個報告，很顯然B是正確答案。

M: Shall we go to the airport to meet Doctor Black this afternoon?

W: Oh， I forgot to tell you he had put off his trip.

Q: What do we know about Doctor Black?

A) He has changed his trip.B) He has canceled his trip.

C) He is arriving this afternoon.D) He forgot to arrange his trip.

對話中“he had put off his trip.”中的關鍵詞語put off意為延期。與答案中change意思接近，而cancel意為取消，故A為正確答案。

M: Shall we have something special for a change ?

W: How about Japanese food？ I know a famous restaurant.

Q: What are they probably going to do?

A) Visit Japan.B) Travel abroad. C) Cook some food.D) Eat outside.

本句關鍵詞change-food-restaurant可推斷出他們是要改變一下吃飯的習慣，去餐館就餐。D為正確答案。不可能為了吃頓飯跑到日本去。

二、Section B

Section B聽長對話并回答2—3個問題，讀兩遍。本部分被學生認為是最簡單的拿分題，因為大部分答案都能從原稿中直接獲得。所涉及的問題與Section A相似，只不過對話長了些，問題多了些。答題技巧與上面A部分也相同。但要注意的是：對話中細節較多，所以只靠腦子記憶確實有困難。我們在做長對話聽力時可以做一些簡單的記錄，這種記錄要非常簡練，要記重要環節。如文中提及的人物、事件、時間、地點、原因、方式、程度、數字、選擇等信息都非常重要。筆記要提綱挈領，達到幫助記憶、推斷和答題的目的即可。記錄的方法多種多樣，可以使用符號、畫圖、縮寫形式等，只要自己能辨認就可以了。

下面是2003年12月真題：

原稿：

W: We’dliketomakeatripforalongweekend holiday， please?

M: Where would you like to go?

W: Dalian.

M: And where do you want to stay in Dalian?

W: We are not sure. Which hotel would you suggest?

M: The Holiday Inn is very good and it’s quite cheap.

W: OK， that’s where we’ll stay.

M: Would you complete this form please?

W: Is it all right if we pay by check?

M: Of course， that’s quite all right.

Q1.What is the woman talking about with the man?

Q2.How will the woman make the payment?

試題：Q1.A) Going shopping B) Staying at a hotel C) Taking a trip D) Buying a book

Q2.A) By check B) By credit card C) In cash D) By mail

該題中要記錄的關鍵詞為：make a trip-Dalian-Holiday Inn-by check，他們要去旅游圣地大連旅游，住在假日酒店，以支票的方式付款。答案中的shopping， book， credit card， cash， mail等信息并沒有涉及到。因此C和A分別是正確答案。

三、Section C

Section C聽短文以填空形式回答五個問題，每空不超過三個單詞，讀兩遍。問題給出，答案也給了部分提示，而且提示部分大多數是從原文中節選下來的，類似于missing words。答題技巧為：先讀懂5個問題，了解本段話涉及的大致內容，然后看著答案部分去聽，錯過那些與答案不相關的信息。補全答案中缺少的詞語。下面是2003年12月真題。

原稿為：

Tina began to look for a new job. She went to the employment agency and filled out a form. But the agency was not able to find a place for her. Every day she looked at the help-wanted advertisement in the newspaper. She also talked to her friend about getting a job. But there was one big problem. Most jobs required experience and she had very little experience. Finally， she got a job as a saleswoman at a supermarket near her house. She was able to walk there. The pay wasn’t good but it was nicer than working in a factory. She liked being a saleswoman at first. After a few months， however， she found the job boring. She thought there would be no future for her to be a saleswoman.

試題：

1. Why did Tina come to the employment agency?

To look for ________________________.

2. What did she do in the employment agency?

She filled out________________________.

3. What was the problem with Tina?

She had little________________________.

4.What job did she get at the supermarket?

A job as a ________________________.

5. How did she feel about her new job a few months later?

She felt it was very________________________.

通讀5個問題，我們可猜出該篇大意：Tina為了找工作去了職業介紹所，填寫了什么東西，她存在什么問題，在超市找到一份工作，幾個月后對新工作有什么看法。從語法結構看，前四小題應填名詞（短語），第五題應填形容詞。聽的時候只盯住答案的提示部分即可。第一題答案提示To look for ?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖告訴大家要聽錄音中look for后是什么。原文第一句“Tina began to look for a new job.”很明確地說出了答案a new job，依此第二題的答案可從She went to the employment agency and filled out a form中找出。第三題的答案可從she had very little experience找出。第四題的答案可從she got a job as a saleswoman at a supermarket near her house找出。第五題的答案可從she found the job boring找出。

參考文獻：

［1］ 王鳴.英語應用能力考試考前沖刺.電子工業出版社，2004.2.