60-Second Science
“60秒科學”是一個電臺節目,用一分鐘的時間為大家帶來新鮮、有趣的科學新聞,聽眾只需花一分鐘便能輕松掌握科技發展新方向。很多人每次外出旅行總會因為適應不了時差而感覺特別累,甚至日夜顛倒。你是否也有類似煩惱?想知道如何快速調整時差嗎?本期節目將為你排難解憂。Got a munute?
I had a roommate who couldn’t sleep un-less it was pitch dark[非常黑], so she wore a facemask to bed.But she’d gotten it from an airline,so one of the eye patches had a little sticker [粘貼物]on it that said, “Wake me for meals.” Now a new study fromHarvard Medical school suggests that she needn’t havebothered with the sticker. Because scientists therehave found that the brain has a special “meal clock”that keeps animals from snoozing[打盹] when there’s food to be had. The results appear in the May 23rd issueof Science. As you probably know, the body hasa master clock[主時鐘] that tells us when to sleepand wake. That timepiece takes cues from[從……獲得提示]the sun to keep us in synch with[與……同步] the rest of theworld. Working with mice, the Harvard scientists locateda second clock, one that responds to[作出反應] foodrather than sunlight. So ifthere’s a cheese short-age when a mouse makes hismidnight run, he can resethis alarm to see if the snackbar is better stocked atnoon. The finding is good newsfor travelers, who may beable to reset their own bodyclocks, thereby adjustingmore quickly to the localtime zone and minimizing jet lag[時差],bysimply not eating anything onthe plane-which is probablysound advice no matter howlong your flight.
我有一位室友,如果不是漆黑一片就不能入睡,所以她要戴著眼罩睡覺。她這個毛病是坐飛機得來的,所以,她在眼罩的一邊還貼了一張小標簽,上面寫著“用餐時請叫醒我”。現在,來自哈佛醫學院的一項新研究表明,她無需為那張標簽擔心了。因為科學家們發現,大腦有一個特殊的“進餐鐘”,它會在需要進食的時候打消動物的睡意。這項研究結果發表在5月23日的《科學》雜志上。你可能也知道,人體有一個主時鐘,它會告訴我們何時入睡,何時醒來。這種生物時鐘從太陽(的變化)中獲取信號,讓我們與世界的其它事物保持同步。哈佛的科學家們用老鼠做實驗,在老鼠體內置入第二種時鐘,這種鐘對食物而非日光產生反應。所以,如果老鼠在午夜覓食時發現奶酪短缺了,它會重新設定自己的“時鐘”,以便在中午去點心吧看看是否會有更充足的存貨。這項發現對于旅行者來說是個好消息——也許只要不在飛機上進食,他們就可以重新設定自己的生物鐘,借此更為迅速地調整到當地時區,將時差的影響減至最小——不管你的旅程有多長,這都可能是一個不錯的建議。