高考題中的“情態動詞＋ｈａｖｅ＋過去分詞”結構

〔關鍵詞〕 高考；難點；“情態動詞+have+過去分詞”結構

〔中圖分類號〕 G633.41〔文獻標識碼〕 B

〔文章編號〕 1004—0463（2008）08（Ａ）—0058—０2

“情態動詞+have+過去分詞”這一結構可以表示各種不同的意義，是中學英語的難點之一，也是歷年高考測試的熱點內容之一。筆者根據歷年高考題將此內容作一歸納。

一、“should（ought to）+have+過去分詞”結構表示“過去應該做某事而沒有做到”，即“本應該……（其實沒有）”，含有后悔、責備或婉轉批評之意。例如：

1. Here was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You

come， but why didn’t you？（1999上海）

A. must haveB. should

C. need haveD. ought to have（答案D）

2. I was really anxious about you. Youhome without a word.（2001NMET）

A. mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t have（答案B）

3. Oh，I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I

so much fried chicken just now.（2002NMET）

A. shouldn’t eat

B. mustn’t have eaten

C. shouldn’t have eaten

D. mustn’t eat（答案C）

4. —My cat’s really fat.

—You have given her so much food.（2007浙江）

A. wouldn’tB. couldn’t

C. shouldn’tD. mustn’t（答案C）

5. I told your friend how to get to the hotel， but perhaps Ihave driven her there.（2007陜西）

A. couldB. must

C. mightD. should（答案D）

二、“must+have+過去分詞”結構表示對過去發生的事情肯定的推測或者推論，只用在肯定句，含有一定、準是的意思。例如：

1. I didn’t hear the phone. I asleep.（1989NMET）

A. must beB. must have been

C. should be

D. should have been（答案B）

2. Where is my pen? I it.（1988NMET）

A. might lose

B. would have lost

C. should have lost

D. must have lost（答案D）

3. —Tom graduated from college at a very young age.

—Oh，hehave been a very smart boy then.（2004NMET）

A. could B. should

C. might D. must（答案D）

4. —She looks very happy. Shehave passed the exam.

—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.（2007江蘇）

A. couldB. must

C. mightD. should（答案B）

5. —Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.

—Great! Youread widely and put a lot of work into it.（2007上海）

A. mustB. should

C. must haveD. should have（答案C）

三、“could+have+過去分詞”結構表示對過去發生的事情作出否定判斷或者推理，可用于肯定句、否定句或者疑問句中，含有“本來能夠……而沒有”之意，有遺憾或者委婉批評、責備的口氣。例如：

1. I wish Ithe book yesterday，but I was too busy.

A. had finished to write

B. could have finished writing

C. could have finished to write

D. might finish writing（答案B）

2. —I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

—Oh，did you? Youwith Barbara.（1998NMET）

A. could have stayed

B. could stay

C. would stay

D. must have stayed（答案A）

3. —There were already five people in the car，but they managed to take me as well.

—Ita comfortable journey.（1995NMET）

A. can’t be

B. shouldn’t be

C. mustn’t have been

D. couldn’t have been（答案D）

但“can’t+have+過去分詞”結構則表示對過去行為的否定推斷，含有“決不會……”、“不大可能……”的意思。例如：

4. Jack yet，otherwise he would have telephoned me.（1997上海）

A. mustn’t have arrived

B. shouldn’t have arrived

C. can’t have arrived

D. need not have arrived（答案C）

5. Susanwritten a report like this.（1997上海）

A. can haveB. mustn’t have

C. can’t have D. ought to not have（答案C）

6. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon，so heyour lecture.（2000NMET）

A. couldn’t have attended

B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended

D. shouldn’t have attended（答案A）

但是在“can+have+過去分詞”結構中，它表示對過去發生的行為的懷疑和不肯定。例如：

The engineer can have got my letter.

Can Tomboy have done the exercises?

四、“may（might）+have+過去分詞”結構表示對過去發生的事情的猜測，might比may表示的可能性更小，在肯定句中表示“本來可以……而沒有……”，含有“勸告”或“責備”之意。例如：

1. Heyou more help，even though he was very busy.（1990ＮMET）

A. might have givenB. might give

C. may have givenD. may give（答案A）

2. Yesterday，Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，shesomething she would regret later.（1996NMET）

A. had saidB. said

C. might say D. might have said（答案D）

3. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.

—Youit in the wrong place.（2007江西）

A. must putB. should have put

C. might putD. might have put（答案D）

五、“needn’t+have+過去分詞”這一結構多用在否定句中，表示做了過去不必要或不需要做的事，含有“本來不必”、“本來不需要……而……”之意。例如：

1. I got up early this morning，but Iso，because it is Sunday.

A. didn’t need to do

B. didn’t need have done

C. needn’t to do

D. needn’t have done（答案D）

2. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I

the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.（2006江西）

A. should have taken

B. could have taken

C. needn’t have taken

D. mustn’t have taken（答案C）

六、“would+have+過去分詞”結構表示過去想實現而未實現的愿望或要求。例如：

1. If the storm had happened in the day-time，theremany more deaths.

A. wereB. would have been

C. had been D. would be（答案B）

2. The potatoesbetter with a bit more salt.

A. would have B. would be having

C. would have beenD. would（答案C）

3. You didn’t let me drive.If we in turn，you

so tired.（1995ＮMET）

A. drove，didn’t get

B. drove，wouldn’t get

C. were driven，wouldn’t have got

D. had driven，wouldn’t have got（答案D）