從句難點剖析

丁好鵬

從句有很多難點知識，本文結合高考試題進行剖析。

一、定語從句難點剖析

1.先行詞表地點的性質有時難判斷

用where引導定語從句時先行詞必須表示地點，且在定語從句中作地點狀語，但有時用where引導定語從句時先行詞乍看起來并不像地點名詞，考生應認真加以分析，弄清它們的地點性質并準確答題。

例1：After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she needed to decide what to do.（07江西）

A. that B. what

C. which D. where

解析：D。先行詞point意義為“地步”，表示抽象地點，而且在定語從句中作地點狀語，因此該空應用where引導定語從句。

例2：Today, well discuss a number of cases ____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. （07陜西）

A. which B. as

C. why D. where

解析：D。句中cases表示“場合”，屬抽象地點，且在定語從句中作地點狀語，因此應用where引導定語從句。

例3：If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (05上海)

A. that B. which

C. when D. where

解析：D。chairs通常為物質名詞，但在本題中卻表示地點，且在定語從句中作地點狀語，因此該空應填where。

2.介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句試題難解

介詞+關系代詞whom/which引導定語從句是定語從句的難點內容，解此類試題時可將定語從句與先行詞連成一個句子，此時缺什么介詞就用什么介詞+whom/which引導定語從句。

例1：Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ____ they can be controlled on purpose. (07重慶)

A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which

解析：B。定語從句可與先行詞連成they can be controlled on purpose to the degree，因此該空應用to which引導定語從句。

例2：He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. （07江蘇）

A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that

解析：A。定語從句可與先行詞連成he went on to Beijing University after he was educated at the local high school, 因此該空應用after which引導定語從句。

3.which引導的非限制性定語從句難識別

which引導非限制性定語從句常代表整個主句內容或某一專有名詞，因為此時沒有定語從句修飾，主句意義仍然明確，但這兩種定語從句比較獨特，常常出乎考生的意料。

例1：Chans restaurant on Baker Street, ____ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. （07浙江）

A. that B. which C. who D. where

解析：B。Chans restaurant on Baker Street屬專有名詞，沒有定語從句修飾意義仍然非常明確，因此該句應為非限制性定語從句，該空應填which。

例2：By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ____ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.

（07湖南）

A. who B. which C. what D. that

解析：B。該空指代整個主句，沒有定語從句修飾主句意義仍然明確，因此該句為非限制性定語從句，應由which引導。

4.特定詞匯+of whom/which引導的定語從句試題難解

數詞（不定量數詞）或其它詞匯（表示所屬關系）+of whom/which常引導定語從句，但其前不可加and, but等介詞。這種定語從句結構復雜，解題難度較大，可將定語從句與先行詞連成一個句子，缺什么詞就用什么詞+of whom/which引導定語從句。

例1：It is reported that two schools， ____ are being built in my hometown， will open next year.（07四川）

A． they both B． which both

C． both of them D． both of which

解析：D。定語從句可與先行詞連成both of the two schools are being built in my hometown，因此該空應用both of which引導定語從句。

例2：We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of ____ are healthy.（07北京）

A. that B. which C. what D. whom

解析：D。定語從句可與先行詞連成most of the so many people are healthy，因此該空應用whom引導定語從句。

例3：Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ____ wanted to buy it. （07安徽）

A. none of them B. both of them

C. none of whom D. neither of whom

解析：D。定語從句可與先行詞連成neither of the only two people came to look at the house，因此該空應用neither of whom引導定語從句。

二、名詞性從句難點剖析

1.what引導名詞性從句時意義難理解

what引導名詞性從句時常表示“……的內容”，但是它還可以表示“……的狀況/人/地方/價格/速度/方法”，此時理解難度明顯增大?？忌鷳J真分析語境邏輯，弄清空檔是否具有what的創新含義。

例1：The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.（07天津）

A. what B. which C. how D. where

解析：A。該空表示“……的狀況”，應用what引導賓語從句。

例2：The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ____ he thought was not enough. (05山東)

A. where B. how C. what D. which

解析：C。由sell for的語境邏輯可以推出該空表示“……的價格”，因此應用what引導賓語從句。

例3：The way he did it was different ____ we were used to.

(05江西)

A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which

解析：C。be different應與from才能構成搭配，因此該空作from的賓語，由The way的語境邏輯可以推出該空表示“不同于……的方法”，因此應填 from what引導賓語從句。

例4：A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago. (04天津)

A. what B. which C. that D. where

解析：A。由a wasteland的語境邏輯可以推出該空表示“……的地方”，因此應填what引導賓語從句。

例5：The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.(04上海春季)

A. as B. which C. what D. that

解析：C。由a dangerous speed的語境邏輯可以推出該空表示“……的速度”，因此應填what引導賓語從句。

2．that引導的同位語從句難識別

that引導同位語從句與that引導的定語從句容易混淆。that引導同位語從句時與先行詞之間為同位關系，它是先行詞具體內容的體現，但that本身并沒有具體含義，也不在從句中充當任何成份。that引導定語從句時是對先行詞的修飾限制，它在定語從句中常作主語或賓語。

例1：Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （06重慶）

A. why B. that C. where D. because

解析：B。he had to meet his uncle at the airport是先行詞his reason for being absent from the class內容的具體體現，因此該空應用that引導同位語從句。

例2：A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday．（06安徽）

A． if B． when C． that D． which

解析：C。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday是先行詞A warm thought具體內容的體現，因此該空應用that引導同位語從句。

例3：The news ____ our team won the game excited us all.

A. which B. that C. what D. when

解析：B。our team won the game excited us all是先行詞the news的具體內容,因此該空應用that引導同位語從句。

3.whether與if難區分

whether與if均可以引導名詞性從句，引導賓語從句時可以通用，但不存在if…or not…結構或if or not…結構。引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和介詞后面的賓語從句時應用whether而不可用if。

例：We havent settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（06江蘇）

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

解析：C。該空表示“是否”，且作介詞賓語，因此應用whether引導賓語從句。

三、狀語從句難點剖析

1.before引導的時間狀語從句難識別

before引導時間狀語從句意義比較靈活，除表示“在……之前”外還可表示“趁……、尚未來得及”，也可用于it was not long before（不久）句型及其創新句型。

例：The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again. （07安徽）

A. after B. before C. since D. when

解析：B。題干來自于it was not long before句型，但因將一般過去時變成了一般將來時，又將long換成了a long time，極難識別。

2.while引導的讓步狀語從句難識別

除表示“當……的時候”引導時間狀語從句外，while還可以表示“雖然”引導讓步狀語從句，這是它的一種創新用法。

例：____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. (04浙江)

A. While B. Since C. As D. If

解析：A。該空表示“雖然”，因此應填While引導讓步狀語從句。

鞏固性練習：

1. I have many friends, ____ are really friendly to my parents and me.

A. none of whom B. but none of whom

C. and all of whom D. none of them

2. Our teacher didnt tell us the situation ____ this word can be used.

A. which B. that C. where D. when

3. The girl had a quarrel with her mother, ____ of course, made the matter more difficult to solve.

A. as B. which C. that D. what

4. What a pity! ____ was a beautiful place in the past has turned into a desert.

A. That B. What C. Which D. As

5. To my surprise, she didnt live up to her promise ____ she would send me a birthday gift.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

6. ——What I want to know is ____ we will have a holiday in the middle of the next month.

——We will surely have one.

A. if B. whether C. where D. how

7. ____ the problem is very difficult, I must work it out in the

shortest time.

A. When B. As C. While D. Because

8. You should do it ____ it is too late, otherwise you will fail.

A. until B. when C. before D. unless

9. He lives in Beijing, ____ is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

10. How long will it be ____ you return from abroad and come to see us?

A. when B. while C. as D. before

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